Introduce CheckChangeTicks event that is triggered by World::check_change_ticks (#19274)

# Objective

In the past I had custom data structures containing `Tick`s. I learned
that these need to be regularly checked to clamp them. But there was no
way to hook into that logic so I abandoned storing ticks since then.

Another motivation to open this up some more is to be more able to do a
correct implementation of `System::check_ticks`.

## Solution

Add `CheckChangeTicks` and trigger it in `World::check_change_ticks`.
Make `Tick::check_tick` public.

This event makes it possible to store ticks in components or resources
and have them checked.

I also made `Schedules::check_change_ticks` public so users can store
schedules in custom resources/components for whatever reasons.

## Testing

The logic boils down to a single `World::trigger` call and I don't think
this needs more tests.

## Alternatives

Making this obsolete like with #15683.

---

## Showcase

From the added docs:

```rs
use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
use bevy_ecs::component::CheckChangeTicks;

#[derive(Resource)]
struct CustomSchedule(Schedule);

let mut world = World::new();
world.add_observer(|tick: Trigger<CheckChangeTicks>, mut schedule: ResMut<CustomSchedule>| {
    schedule.0.check_change_ticks(tick.get());
});
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>

crates/bevy_ecs/src/component.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use crate::{
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 use alloc::{borrow::Cow, format, vec::Vec};
 pub use bevy_ecs_macros::Component;
+use bevy_ecs_macros::Event;
 use bevy_platform::sync::Arc;
 use bevy_platform::{
     collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
@@ -2616,7 +2617,7 @@ impl Tick {
     ///
     /// Returns `true` if wrapping was performed. Otherwise, returns `false`.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn check_tick(&mut self, tick: Tick) -> bool {
+    pub fn check_tick(&mut self, tick: Tick) -> bool {
         let age = tick.relative_to(*self);
         // This comparison assumes that `age` has not overflowed `u32::MAX` before, which will be true
         // so long as this check always runs before that can happen.
@@ -2629,6 +2630,41 @@ impl Tick {
     }
 }
 
+/// An observer [`Event`] that can be used to maintain [`Tick`]s in custom data structures, enabling to make
+/// use of bevy's periodic checks that clamps ticks to a certain range, preventing overflows and thus
+/// keeping methods like [`Tick::is_newer_than`] reliably return `false` for ticks that got too old.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Here a schedule is stored in a custom resource. This way the systems in it would not have their change
+/// ticks automatically updated via [`World::check_change_ticks`], possibly causing `Tick`-related bugs on
+/// long-running apps.
+///
+/// To fix that, add an observer for this event that calls the schedule's
+/// [`Schedule::check_change_ticks`](bevy_ecs::schedule::Schedule::check_change_ticks).
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+/// use bevy_ecs::component::CheckChangeTicks;
+///
+/// #[derive(Resource)]
+/// struct CustomSchedule(Schedule);
+///
+/// # let mut world = World::new();
+/// world.add_observer(|tick: Trigger<CheckChangeTicks>, mut schedule: ResMut<CustomSchedule>| {
+///     schedule.0.check_change_ticks(tick.get());
+/// });
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Event)]
+pub struct CheckChangeTicks(pub(crate) Tick);
+
+impl CheckChangeTicks {
+    /// Get the `Tick` that can be used as the parameter of [`Tick::check_tick`].
+    pub fn get(self) -> Tick {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
 /// Interior-mutable access to the [`Tick`]s for a single component or resource.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct TickCells<'a> {

crates/bevy_ecs/src/schedule/schedule.rs

@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ impl Schedule {
     /// Iterates the change ticks of all systems in the schedule and clamps any older than
     /// [`MAX_CHANGE_AGE`](crate::change_detection::MAX_CHANGE_AGE).
     /// This prevents overflow and thus prevents false positives.
-    pub(crate) fn check_change_ticks(&mut self, change_tick: Tick) {
+    pub fn check_change_ticks(&mut self, change_tick: Tick) {
         for system in &mut self.executable.systems {
             if !is_apply_deferred(system) {
                 system.check_change_tick(change_tick);

crates/bevy_ecs/src/world/mod.rs

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ use crate::{
     },
     change_detection::{MaybeLocation, MutUntyped, TicksMut},
     component::{
-        Component, ComponentDescriptor, ComponentHooks, ComponentId, ComponentIds, ComponentInfo,
-        ComponentTicks, Components, ComponentsQueuedRegistrator, ComponentsRegistrator, Mutable,
-        RequiredComponents, RequiredComponentsError, Tick,
+        CheckChangeTicks, Component, ComponentDescriptor, ComponentHooks, ComponentId,
+        ComponentIds, ComponentInfo, ComponentTicks, Components, ComponentsQueuedRegistrator,
+        ComponentsRegistrator, Mutable, RequiredComponents, RequiredComponentsError, Tick,
     },
     entity::{Entities, Entity, EntityDoesNotExistError},
     entity_disabling::DefaultQueryFilters,
@@ -2964,6 +2964,8 @@ impl World {
             schedules.check_change_ticks(change_tick);
         }
 
+        self.trigger(CheckChangeTicks(change_tick));
+
         self.last_check_tick = change_tick;
     }