Meshlet fill cluster buffers rewritten (#15955)

# Objective
- Make the meshlet fill cluster buffers pass slightly faster
- Address https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/15920 for meshlets
- Added PreviousGlobalTransform as a required meshlet component to avoid
extra archetype moves, slightly alleviating
https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/14681 for meshlets
- Enforce that MeshletPlugin::cluster_buffer_slots is not greater than
2^25 (glitches will occur otherwise). Technically this field controls
post-lod/culling cluster count, and the issue is on pre-lod/culling
cluster count, but it's still valid now, and in the future this will be
more true.

Needs to be merged after https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/pull/15846
and https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/pull/15886

## Solution

- Old pass dispatched a thread per cluster, and did a binary search over
the instances to find which instance the cluster belongs to, and what
meshlet index within the instance it is.
- New pass dispatches a workgroup per instance, and has the workgroup
loop over all meshlets in the instance in order to write out the cluster
data.
- Use a push constant instead of arrayLength to fix the linked bug
- Remap 1d->2d dispatch for software raster only if actually needed to
save on spawning excess workgroups

## Testing

- Did you test these changes? If so, how?
- Ran the meshlet example, and an example with 1041 instances of 32217
meshlets per instance. Profiled the second scene with nsight, went from
0.55ms -> 0.40ms. Small savings. We're pretty much VRAM bandwidth bound
at this point.
- How can other people (reviewers) test your changes? Is there anything
specific they need to know?
  - Run the meshlet example

## Changelog (non-meshlets)
- PreviousGlobalTransform now implements the Default trait

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/cull_clusters.wgsl

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args,
     meshlet_hardware_raster_indirect_args,
     meshlet_raster_clusters,
-    meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot,
+    constants,
     MeshletBoundingSphere,
 }
 #import bevy_render::maths::affine3_to_square
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn cull_clusters(
 ) {
     // Calculate the cluster ID for this thread
     let cluster_id = local_invocation_index + 128u * dot(workgroup_id, vec3(num_workgroups.x * num_workgroups.x, num_workgroups.x, 1u));
-    if cluster_id >= arrayLength(&meshlet_cluster_meshlet_ids) { return; }
+    if cluster_id >= constants.scene_cluster_count { return; }
 
 #ifdef MESHLET_SECOND_CULLING_PASS
     if !cluster_is_second_pass_candidate(cluster_id) { return; }
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ fn cull_clusters(
     } else {
         // Append this cluster to the list for hardware rasterization
         buffer_slot = atomicAdd(&meshlet_hardware_raster_indirect_args.instance_count, 1u);
-        buffer_slot = meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot - buffer_slot;
+        buffer_slot = constants.meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot - buffer_slot;
     }
     meshlet_raster_clusters[buffer_slot] = cluster_id;
 }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/fill_cluster_buffers.wgsl

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #import bevy_pbr::meshlet_bindings::{
-    cluster_count,
+    scene_instance_count,
-    meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum,
+    meshlet_global_cluster_count,
+    meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts,
     meshlet_instance_meshlet_slice_starts,
     meshlet_cluster_instance_ids,
     meshlet_cluster_meshlet_ids,
@@ -8,37 +9,42 @@
 
 /// Writes out instance_id and meshlet_id to the global buffers for each cluster in the scene.
 
+var<workgroup> cluster_slice_start_workgroup: u32;
+
 @compute
-@workgroup_size(128, 1, 1) // 128 threads per workgroup, 1 cluster per thread
+@workgroup_size(1024, 1, 1) // 1024 threads per workgroup, 1 instance per workgroup
 fn fill_cluster_buffers(
     @builtin(workgroup_id) workgroup_id: vec3<u32>,
     @builtin(num_workgroups) num_workgroups: vec3<u32>,
     @builtin(local_invocation_index) local_invocation_index: u32,
 ) {
-    // Calculate the cluster ID for this thread
+    // Calculate the instance ID for this workgroup
-    let cluster_id = local_invocation_index + 128u * dot(workgroup_id, vec3(num_workgroups.x * num_workgroups.x, num_workgroups.x, 1u));
+    var instance_id = workgroup_id.x + (workgroup_id.y * num_workgroups.x);
-    if cluster_id >= cluster_count { return; } // TODO: Could be an arrayLength?
+    if instance_id >= scene_instance_count { return; }
 
-    // Binary search to find the instance this cluster belongs to
+    let instance_meshlet_count = meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts[instance_id];
-    var left = 0u;
+    let instance_meshlet_slice_start = meshlet_instance_meshlet_slice_starts[instance_id];
-    var right = arrayLength(&meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum) - 1u;
-    while left <= right {
-        let mid = (left + right) / 2u;
-        if meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum[mid] <= cluster_id {
-            left = mid + 1u;
-        } else {
-            right = mid - 1u;
-        }
-    }
-    let instance_id = right;
 
-    // Find the meshlet ID for this cluster within the instance's MeshletMesh
+    // Reserve cluster slots for the instance and broadcast to the workgroup
-    let meshlet_id_local = cluster_id - meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum[instance_id];
+    if local_invocation_index == 0u {
+        cluster_slice_start_workgroup = atomicAdd(&meshlet_global_cluster_count, instance_meshlet_count);
+    }
+    let cluster_slice_start = workgroupUniformLoad(&cluster_slice_start_workgroup);
+
+    // Loop enough times to write out all the meshlets for the instance given that each thread writes 1 meshlet in each iteration
+    for (var clusters_written = 0u; clusters_written < instance_meshlet_count; clusters_written += 1024u) {
+        // Calculate meshlet ID within this instance's MeshletMesh to process for this thread
+        let meshlet_id_local = clusters_written + local_invocation_index;
+        if meshlet_id_local >= instance_meshlet_count { return; }
+
+        // Find the overall cluster ID in the global cluster buffer
+        let cluster_id = cluster_slice_start + meshlet_id_local;
 
         // Find the overall meshlet ID in the global meshlet buffer
-    let meshlet_id = meshlet_id_local + meshlet_instance_meshlet_slice_starts[instance_id];
+        let meshlet_id = instance_meshlet_slice_start + meshlet_id_local;
 
         // Write results to buffers
         meshlet_cluster_instance_ids[cluster_id] = instance_id;
         meshlet_cluster_meshlet_ids[cluster_id] = meshlet_id;
+    }
 }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/instance_manager.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ use bevy_ecs::{
     query::Has,
     system::{Local, Query, Res, ResMut, Resource, SystemState},
 };
-use bevy_render::sync_world::MainEntity;
+use bevy_render::{
-use bevy_render::{render_resource::StorageBuffer, view::RenderLayers, MainWorld};
+    render_resource::StorageBuffer, sync_world::MainEntity, view::RenderLayers, MainWorld,
+};
 use bevy_transform::components::GlobalTransform;
 use bevy_utils::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use core::ops::{DerefMut, Range};
@@ -19,33 +20,36 @@ use core::ops::{DerefMut, Range};
 /// Manages data for each entity with a [`MeshletMesh`].
 #[derive(Resource)]
 pub struct InstanceManager {
-    /// Amount of clusters in the scene (sum of all meshlet counts across all instances)
+    /// Amount of instances in the scene.
+    pub scene_instance_count: u32,
+    /// Amount of clusters in the scene.
     pub scene_cluster_count: u32,
 
-    /// Per-instance [`MainEntity`], [`RenderLayers`], and [`NotShadowCaster`]
+    /// Per-instance [`MainEntity`], [`RenderLayers`], and [`NotShadowCaster`].
     pub instances: Vec<(MainEntity, RenderLayers, bool)>,
-    /// Per-instance [`MeshUniform`]
+    /// Per-instance [`MeshUniform`].
     pub instance_uniforms: StorageBuffer<Vec<MeshUniform>>,
-    /// Per-instance material ID
+    /// Per-instance material ID.
     pub instance_material_ids: StorageBuffer<Vec<u32>>,
-    /// Prefix-sum of meshlet counts per instance
+    /// Per-instance count of meshlets in the instance's [`MeshletMesh`].
-    pub instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum: StorageBuffer<Vec<u32>>,
+    pub instance_meshlet_counts: StorageBuffer<Vec<u32>>,
-    /// Per-instance index to the start of the instance's slice of the meshlets buffer
+    /// Per-instance index to the start of the instance's slice of the meshlets buffer.
     pub instance_meshlet_slice_starts: StorageBuffer<Vec<u32>>,
     /// Per-view per-instance visibility bit. Used for [`RenderLayers`] and [`NotShadowCaster`] support.
     pub view_instance_visibility: EntityHashMap<StorageBuffer<Vec<u32>>>,
 
-    /// Next material ID available for a [`Material`]
+    /// Next material ID available for a [`Material`].
     next_material_id: u32,
-    /// Map of [`Material`] to material ID
+    /// Map of [`Material`] to material ID.
     material_id_lookup: HashMap<UntypedAssetId, u32>,
-    /// Set of material IDs used in the scene
+    /// Set of material IDs used in the scene.
     material_ids_present_in_scene: HashSet<u32>,
 }
 
 impl InstanceManager {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
+            scene_instance_count: 0,
             scene_cluster_count: 0,
 
             instances: Vec::new(),
@@ -59,9 +63,9 @@ impl InstanceManager {
                 buffer.set_label(Some("meshlet_instance_material_ids"));
                 buffer
             },
-            instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum: {
+            instance_meshlet_counts: {
                 let mut buffer = StorageBuffer::default();
-                buffer.set_label(Some("meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum"));
+                buffer.set_label(Some("meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts"));
                 buffer
             },
             instance_meshlet_slice_starts: {
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ impl InstanceManager {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn add_instance(
         &mut self,
-        instance: Entity,
+        instance: MainEntity,
         meshlets_slice: Range<u32>,
         transform: &GlobalTransform,
         previous_transform: Option<&PreviousGlobalTransform>,
@@ -108,20 +112,21 @@ impl InstanceManager {
 
         // Append instance data
         self.instances.push((
-            instance.into(),
+            instance,
             render_layers.cloned().unwrap_or(RenderLayers::default()),
             not_shadow_caster,
         ));
         self.instance_uniforms.get_mut().push(mesh_uniform);
         self.instance_material_ids.get_mut().push(0);
-        self.instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum
+        self.instance_meshlet_counts
             .get_mut()
-            .push(self.scene_cluster_count);
+            .push(meshlets_slice.len() as u32);
         self.instance_meshlet_slice_starts
             .get_mut()
             .push(meshlets_slice.start);
 
-        self.scene_cluster_count += meshlets_slice.end - meshlets_slice.start;
+        self.scene_instance_count += 1;
+        self.scene_cluster_count += meshlets_slice.len() as u32;
     }
 
     /// Get the material ID for a [`crate::Material`].
@@ -140,12 +145,13 @@ impl InstanceManager {
     }
 
     pub fn reset(&mut self, entities: &Entities) {
+        self.scene_instance_count = 0;
         self.scene_cluster_count = 0;
 
         self.instances.clear();
         self.instance_uniforms.get_mut().clear();
         self.instance_material_ids.get_mut().clear();
-        self.instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum.get_mut().clear();
+        self.instance_meshlet_counts.get_mut().clear();
         self.instance_meshlet_slice_starts.get_mut().clear();
         self.view_instance_visibility
             .retain(|view_entity, _| entities.contains(*view_entity));
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ pub fn extract_meshlet_mesh_entities(
 
         // Add the instance's data to the instance manager
         instance_manager.add_instance(
-            instance,
+            instance.into(),
             meshlets_slice,
             transform,
             previous_transform,

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/meshlet_bindings.wgsl

@@ -51,15 +51,17 @@ struct DrawIndirectArgs {
 const CENTIMETERS_PER_METER = 100.0;
 
 #ifdef MESHLET_FILL_CLUSTER_BUFFERS_PASS
-var<push_constant> cluster_count: u32;
+var<push_constant> scene_instance_count: u32;
-@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum: array<u32>; // Per entity instance
+@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> meshlet_instance_meshlet_counts: array<u32>; // Per entity instance
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> meshlet_instance_meshlet_slice_starts: array<u32>; // Per entity instance
 @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_cluster_instance_ids: array<u32>; // Per cluster
 @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_cluster_meshlet_ids: array<u32>; // Per cluster
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_global_cluster_count: atomic<u32>; // Single object shared between all workgroups
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MESHLET_CULLING_PASS
-var<push_constant> meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot: u32;
+struct Constants { scene_cluster_count: u32, meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot: u32 }
+var<push_constant> constants: Constants;
 @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read> meshlet_cluster_meshlet_ids: array<u32>; // Per cluster
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read> meshlet_bounding_spheres: array<MeshletBoundingSpheres>; // Per meshlet
 @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read> meshlet_simplification_errors: array<u32>; // Per meshlet
@@ -67,9 +69,9 @@ var<push_constant> meshlet_raster_cluster_rightmost_slot: u32;
 @group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read> meshlet_instance_uniforms: array<Mesh>; // Per entity instance
 @group(0) @binding(5) var<storage, read> meshlet_view_instance_visibility: array<u32>; // 1 bit per entity instance, packed as a bitmask
 @group(0) @binding(6) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_second_pass_candidates: array<atomic<u32>>; // 1 bit per cluster , packed as a bitmask
-@group(0) @binding(7) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args: DispatchIndirectArgs; // Single object shared between all workgroups/clusters/triangles
+@group(0) @binding(7) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args: DispatchIndirectArgs; // Single object shared between all workgroups
-@group(0) @binding(8) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_hardware_raster_indirect_args: DrawIndirectArgs; // Single object shared between all workgroups/clusters/triangles
+@group(0) @binding(8) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_hardware_raster_indirect_args: DrawIndirectArgs; // Single object shared between all workgroups
-@group(0) @binding(9) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_raster_clusters: array<u32>; // Single object shared between all workgroups/clusters/triangles
+@group(0) @binding(9) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_raster_clusters: array<u32>; // Single object shared between all workgroups
 @group(0) @binding(10) var depth_pyramid: texture_2d<f32>; // From the end of the last frame for the first culling pass, and from the first raster pass for the second culling pass
 @group(0) @binding(11) var<uniform> view: View;
 @group(0) @binding(12) var<uniform> previous_view: PreviousViewUniforms;
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ fn cluster_is_second_pass_candidate(cluster_id: u32) -> bool {
 @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read> meshlet_vertex_positions: array<u32>; // Many per meshlet
 @group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read> meshlet_cluster_instance_ids: array<u32>; // Per cluster
 @group(0) @binding(5) var<storage, read> meshlet_instance_uniforms: array<Mesh>; // Per entity instance
-@group(0) @binding(6) var<storage, read> meshlet_raster_clusters: array<u32>; // Single object shared between all workgroups/clusters/triangles
+@group(0) @binding(6) var<storage, read> meshlet_raster_clusters: array<u32>; // Single object shared between all workgroups
 @group(0) @binding(7) var<storage, read> meshlet_software_raster_cluster_count: u32;
 #ifdef MESHLET_VISIBILITY_BUFFER_RASTER_PASS_OUTPUT
 @group(0) @binding(8) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_visibility_buffer: array<atomic<u64>>; // Per pixel

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/mod.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ use self::{
     },
     visibility_buffer_raster_node::MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode,
 };
-use crate::{graph::NodePbr, Material, MeshMaterial3d};
+use crate::{graph::NodePbr, Material, MeshMaterial3d, PreviousGlobalTransform};
 use bevy_app::{App, Plugin, PostUpdate};
 use bevy_asset::{load_internal_asset, AssetApp, AssetId, Handle};
 use bevy_core_pipeline::{
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ pub struct MeshletPlugin {
     /// If this number is too low, you'll see rendering artifacts like missing or blinking meshes.
     ///
     /// Each cluster slot costs 4 bytes of VRAM.
+    ///
+    /// Must not be greater than 2^25.
     pub cluster_buffer_slots: u32,
 }
 
@@ -147,6 +149,11 @@ impl Plugin for MeshletPlugin {
         #[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
         compile_error!("MeshletPlugin is only supported on little-endian processors.");
 
+        if self.cluster_buffer_slots > 2_u32.pow(25) {
+            error!("MeshletPlugin::cluster_buffer_slots must not be greater than 2^25.");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+
         load_internal_asset!(
             app,
             MESHLET_BINDINGS_SHADER_HANDLE,
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ impl Plugin for MeshletPlugin {
 /// The meshlet mesh equivalent of [`bevy_render::mesh::Mesh3d`].
 #[derive(Component, Clone, Debug, Default, Deref, DerefMut, Reflect, PartialEq, Eq, From)]
 #[reflect(Component, Default)]
-#[require(Transform, Visibility)]
+#[require(Transform, PreviousGlobalTransform, Visibility)]
 pub struct MeshletMesh3d(pub Handle<MeshletMesh>);
 
 impl From<MeshletMesh3d> for AssetId<MeshletMesh> {

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/pipelines.rs

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl FromWorld for MeshletPipelines {
                 layout: vec![cull_layout.clone()],
                 push_constant_ranges: vec![PushConstantRange {
                     stages: ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
-                    range: 0..4,
+                    range: 0..8,
                 }],
                 shader: MESHLET_CULLING_SHADER_HANDLE,
                 shader_defs: vec![
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl FromWorld for MeshletPipelines {
                 layout: vec![cull_layout],
                 push_constant_ranges: vec![PushConstantRange {
                     stages: ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
-                    range: 0..4,
+                    range: 0..8,
                 }],
                 shader: MESHLET_CULLING_SHADER_HANDLE,
                 shader_defs: vec![
@@ -441,7 +441,10 @@ impl FromWorld for MeshletPipelines {
                 pipeline_cache.queue_compute_pipeline(ComputePipelineDescriptor {
                     label: Some("meshlet_remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_pipeline".into()),
                     layout: vec![layout],
-                    push_constant_ranges: vec![],
+                    push_constant_ranges: vec![PushConstantRange {
+                        stages: ShaderStages::COMPUTE,
+                        range: 0..4,
+                    }],
                     shader: MESHLET_REMAP_1D_TO_2D_DISPATCH_SHADER_HANDLE,
                     shader_defs: vec![],
                     entry_point: "remap_dispatch".into(),

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch.wgsl

@@ -8,13 +8,16 @@ struct DispatchIndirectArgs {
 
 @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args: DispatchIndirectArgs;
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> meshlet_software_raster_cluster_count: u32;
+var<push_constant> max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: u32;
 
 @compute
 @workgroup_size(1, 1, 1)
 fn remap_dispatch() {
     meshlet_software_raster_cluster_count = meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args.x;
 
-    let n = u32(ceil(sqrt(f32(meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args.x))));
+    if meshlet_software_raster_cluster_count > max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension {
+        let n = u32(ceil(sqrt(f32(meshlet_software_raster_cluster_count))));
         meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args.x = n;
         meshlet_software_raster_indirect_args.y = n;
+    }
 }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/resource_manager.rs

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ impl ResourceManager {
                         storage_buffer_read_only_sized(false, None),
                         storage_buffer_sized(false, None),
                         storage_buffer_sized(false, None),
+                        storage_buffer_sized(false, None),
                     ),
                 ),
             ),
@@ -246,6 +247,7 @@ impl ResourceManager {
 
 #[derive(Component)]
 pub struct MeshletViewResources {
+    pub scene_instance_count: u32,
     pub scene_cluster_count: u32,
     pub second_pass_candidates_buffer: Buffer,
     instance_visibility: Buffer,
@@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ pub fn prepare_meshlet_per_frame_resources(
         &render_queue,
     );
     upload_storage_buffer(
-        &mut instance_manager.instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum,
+        &mut instance_manager.instance_meshlet_counts,
         &render_device,
         &render_queue,
     );
@@ -340,9 +342,6 @@ pub fn prepare_meshlet_per_frame_resources(
         &render_queue,
     );
 
-    // Early submission for GPU data uploads to start while the render graph records commands
-    render_queue.submit([]);
-
     let needed_buffer_size = 4 * instance_manager.scene_cluster_count as u64;
     match &mut resource_manager.cluster_instance_ids {
         Some(buffer) if buffer.size() >= needed_buffer_size => buffer.clone(),
@@ -553,6 +552,7 @@ pub fn prepare_meshlet_per_frame_resources(
         };
 
         commands.entity(view_entity).insert(MeshletViewResources {
+            scene_instance_count: instance_manager.scene_instance_count,
             scene_cluster_count: instance_manager.scene_cluster_count,
             second_pass_candidates_buffer,
             instance_visibility,
@@ -602,19 +602,25 @@ pub fn prepare_meshlet_view_bind_groups(
 
     let first_node = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true));
 
+    let fill_cluster_buffers_global_cluster_count =
+        render_device.create_buffer(&BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("meshlet_fill_cluster_buffers_global_cluster_count"),
+            size: 4,
+            usage: BufferUsages::STORAGE,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
     // TODO: Some of these bind groups can be reused across multiple views
     for (view_entity, view_resources) in &views {
         let entries = BindGroupEntries::sequential((
-            instance_manager
+            instance_manager.instance_meshlet_counts.binding().unwrap(),
-                .instance_meshlet_counts_prefix_sum
-                .binding()
-                .unwrap(),
             instance_manager
                 .instance_meshlet_slice_starts
                 .binding()
                 .unwrap(),
             cluster_instance_ids.as_entire_binding(),
             cluster_meshlet_ids.as_entire_binding(),
+            fill_cluster_buffers_global_cluster_count.as_entire_binding(),
         ));
         let fill_cluster_buffers = render_device.create_bind_group(
             "meshlet_fill_cluster_buffers",

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/visibility_buffer_raster_node.rs

@@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ impl Node for MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode {
                 render_context,
                 &meshlet_view_bind_groups.fill_cluster_buffers,
                 fill_cluster_buffers_pipeline,
-                thread_per_cluster_workgroups,
+                meshlet_view_resources.scene_instance_count,
-                meshlet_view_resources.scene_cluster_count,
             );
         }
         cull_pass(
@@ -130,6 +129,7 @@ impl Node for MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode {
             previous_view_offset,
             culling_first_pipeline,
             thread_per_cluster_workgroups,
+            meshlet_view_resources.scene_cluster_count,
             meshlet_view_resources.raster_cluster_rightmost_slot,
             meshlet_view_bind_groups
                 .remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ impl Node for MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode {
             previous_view_offset,
             culling_second_pipeline,
             thread_per_cluster_workgroups,
+            meshlet_view_resources.scene_cluster_count,
             meshlet_view_resources.raster_cluster_rightmost_slot,
             meshlet_view_bind_groups
                 .remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch
@@ -253,6 +254,7 @@ impl Node for MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode {
                 previous_view_offset,
                 culling_first_pipeline,
                 thread_per_cluster_workgroups,
+                meshlet_view_resources.scene_cluster_count,
                 meshlet_view_resources.raster_cluster_rightmost_slot,
                 meshlet_view_bind_groups
                     .remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ impl Node for MeshletVisibilityBufferRasterPassNode {
                 previous_view_offset,
                 culling_second_pipeline,
                 thread_per_cluster_workgroups,
+                meshlet_view_resources.scene_cluster_count,
                 meshlet_view_resources.raster_cluster_rightmost_slot,
                 meshlet_view_bind_groups
                     .remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch
@@ -334,21 +337,32 @@ fn fill_cluster_buffers_pass(
     render_context: &mut RenderContext,
     fill_cluster_buffers_bind_group: &BindGroup,
     fill_cluster_buffers_pass_pipeline: &ComputePipeline,
-    fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups: u32,
+    scene_instance_count: u32,
-    cluster_count: u32,
 ) {
+    let mut fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_x = scene_instance_count;
+    let mut fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_y = 1;
+    if scene_instance_count
+        > render_context
+            .render_device()
+            .limits()
+            .max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension
+    {
+        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_x = (scene_instance_count as f32).sqrt().ceil() as u32;
+        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_y = fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_x;
+    }
+
     let command_encoder = render_context.command_encoder();
     let mut fill_pass = command_encoder.begin_compute_pass(&ComputePassDescriptor {
         label: Some("fill_cluster_buffers"),
         timestamp_writes: None,
     });
     fill_pass.set_pipeline(fill_cluster_buffers_pass_pipeline);
-    fill_pass.set_push_constants(0, &cluster_count.to_le_bytes());
+    fill_pass.set_push_constants(0, &scene_instance_count.to_le_bytes());
     fill_pass.set_bind_group(0, fill_cluster_buffers_bind_group, &[]);
     fill_pass.dispatch_workgroups(
-        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups,
+        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_x,
-        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups,
+        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups_y,
-        fill_cluster_buffers_pass_workgroups,
+        1,
     );
 }
 
@@ -361,17 +375,26 @@ fn cull_pass(
     previous_view_offset: &PreviousViewUniformOffset,
     culling_pipeline: &ComputePipeline,
     culling_workgroups: u32,
+    scene_cluster_count: u32,
     raster_cluster_rightmost_slot: u32,
     remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_bind_group: Option<&BindGroup>,
     remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_pipeline: Option<&ComputePipeline>,
 ) {
+    let max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension = render_context
+        .render_device()
+        .limits()
+        .max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension;
+
     let command_encoder = render_context.command_encoder();
     let mut cull_pass = command_encoder.begin_compute_pass(&ComputePassDescriptor {
         label: Some(label),
         timestamp_writes: None,
     });
     cull_pass.set_pipeline(culling_pipeline);
-    cull_pass.set_push_constants(0, &raster_cluster_rightmost_slot.to_le_bytes());
+    cull_pass.set_push_constants(
+        0,
+        bytemuck::cast_slice(&[scene_cluster_count, raster_cluster_rightmost_slot]),
+    );
     cull_pass.set_bind_group(
         0,
         culling_bind_group,
@@ -384,6 +407,7 @@ fn cull_pass(
         remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_bind_group,
     ) {
         cull_pass.set_pipeline(remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_pipeline);
+        cull_pass.set_push_constants(0, &max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension.to_be_bytes());
         cull_pass.set_bind_group(0, remap_1d_to_2d_dispatch_bind_group, &[]);
         cull_pass.dispatch_workgroups(1, 1, 1);
     }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/meshlet/visibility_buffer_resolve.wgsl

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ fn resolve_vertex_output(frag_coord: vec4<f32>) -> VertexOutput {
         ddy_uv,
         world_tangent,
         instance_uniform.flags,
-        cluster_id,
+        instance_id ^ meshlet_id,
 #ifdef PREPASS_FRAGMENT
 #ifdef MOTION_VECTOR_PREPASS
         motion_vector,

crates/bevy_pbr/src/prepass/mod.rs

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ pub fn update_previous_view_data(
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Component)]
+#[derive(Component, Default)]
 pub struct PreviousGlobalTransform(pub Affine3A);
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "meshlet"))]