Document Size and UiRect (#5381)

# Objective

- Migrate changes from #3503.

## Solution

- Document `Size` and `UiRect`.
- I also removed the type alias from the `size_ops` test since it's unnecessary.

## Follow Up

After this change is merged I'd follow up with removing the generics from `Size` and `UiRect` since `Val` should be extensible enough. This was also discussed and decided on in #3503. let me know if this is not needed or wanted anymore!

crates/bevy_ui/src/geometry.rs

@@ -2,17 +2,179 @@ use bevy_math::Vec2;
 use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
 use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Sub, SubAssign};
 
-/// A rect, as defined by its "side" locations
+/// A type which is commonly used to define positions, margins, paddings and borders.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ## Position
+///
+/// A position is used to determine where to place a UI element.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+/// # use bevy_utils::default;
+/// #
+/// let position = UiRect {
+///     left: Val::Px(100.0),
+///     top: Val::Px(50.0),
+///     ..default()
+/// };
+/// ```
+///
+/// If you define opposite sides of the position, the size of the UI element will automatically be calculated
+/// if not explicitly specified. This means that if you have a [`Size`] that uses [`Val::Undefined`](crate::Val::Undefined)
+/// as a width and height, the size would be determined by the window size and the values specified in the position.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+/// #
+/// let position = UiRect {
+///     left: Val::Px(100.0),
+///     right: Val::Px(200.0),
+///     top: Val::Px(300.0),
+///     bottom: Val::Px(400.0),
+/// };
+/// ```
+///
+/// To determine the width of the UI element you have to take the width of the window and subtract it by the
+/// left and right values of the position. To determine the height of the UI element you have to take the height
+/// of the window and subtract it by the top and bottom values of the position. If we had a window with a width
+/// and height of 1000px, the UI element declared above would have a width of 700px and a height of 300px.
+///
+/// ```
+/// // Size of the window
+/// let window_width = 1000.0;
+/// let window_height = 1000.0;
+///
+/// // Values of the position
+/// let left = 100.0;
+/// let right = 200.0;
+/// let top = 300.0;
+/// let bottom = 400.0;
+///
+/// // Calculation to get the size of the UI element
+/// let ui_element_width = window_width - left - right;
+/// let ui_element_height = window_height - top - bottom;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(ui_element_width, 700.0);
+/// assert_eq!(ui_element_height, 300.0);
+/// ```
+///
+/// If you define a [`Size`] and also all four sides of the position, the top and left values of the position
+/// are used to determine where to place the UI element. The size will not be calculated using the bottom and
+/// right values of the position because the size of the UI element is already explicitly specified.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Size, Val, Style};
+/// # use bevy_utils::default;
+/// #
+/// let style = Style {
+///     position: UiRect { // Defining all four sides
+///         left: Val::Px(100.0),
+///         right: Val::Px(200.0),
+///         top: Val::Px(300.0),
+///         bottom: Val::Px(400.0),
+///     },
+///     size: Size::new(Val::Percent(100.0), Val::Percent(50.0)), // but also explicitly specifying a size
+///     ..default()
+/// };
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Margin
+///
+/// A margin is used to create space around UI elements, outside of any defined borders.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+/// #
+/// let margin = UiRect::all(Val::Auto); // Centers the UI element
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Padding
+///
+/// A padding is used to create space around UI elements, inside of any defined borders.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+/// #
+/// let padding = UiRect {
+///     left: Val::Px(10.0),
+///     right: Val::Px(20.0),
+///     top: Val::Px(30.0),
+///     bottom: Val::Px(40.0),
+/// };
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Borders
+///
+/// A border is used to define the width of the border of a UI element.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+/// #
+/// let border = UiRect {
+///     left: Val::Px(10.0),
+///     right: Val::Px(20.0),
+///     top: Val::Px(30.0),
+///     bottom: Val::Px(40.0),
+/// };
+/// ```
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, Reflect)]
 #[reflect(PartialEq)]
 pub struct UiRect<T: Reflect + PartialEq> {
+    /// The value corresponding to the left side of the UI rect.
     pub left: T,
+    /// The value corresponding to the right side of the UI rect.
     pub right: T,
+    /// The value corresponding to the top side of the UI rect.
     pub top: T,
+    /// The value corresponding to the bottom side of the UI rect.
     pub bottom: T,
 }
 
 impl<T: Reflect + PartialEq> UiRect<T> {
+    /// Creates a new [`UiRect`] from the values specified.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+    /// #
+    /// let ui_rect = UiRect::new(
+    ///     Val::Px(10.0),
+    ///     Val::Px(20.0),
+    ///     Val::Px(30.0),
+    ///     Val::Px(40.0),
+    /// );
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.left, Val::Px(10.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.right, Val::Px(20.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.top, Val::Px(30.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.bottom, Val::Px(40.0));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new(left: T, right: T, top: T, bottom: T) -> Self {
+        UiRect {
+            left,
+            right,
+            top,
+            bottom,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new [`UiRect`] where all sides have the same value.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use bevy_ui::{UiRect, Val};
+    /// #
+    /// let ui_rect = UiRect::all(Val::Px(10.0));
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.left, Val::Px(10.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.right, Val::Px(10.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.top, Val::Px(10.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(ui_rect.bottom, Val::Px(10.0));
+    /// ```
     pub fn all(value: T) -> Self
     where
         T: Clone,
@@ -37,15 +199,31 @@ impl<T: Default + Reflect + PartialEq> Default for UiRect<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// A two dimensional "size" as defined by a width and height
+/// A 2-dimensional area defined by a width and height.
+///
+/// It is commonly used to define the size of a text or UI element.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug, Reflect)]
 #[reflect(PartialEq)]
 pub struct Size<T: Reflect + PartialEq = f32> {
+    /// The width of the 2-dimensional area.
     pub width: T,
+    /// The height of the 2-dimensional area.
     pub height: T,
 }
 
 impl<T: Reflect + PartialEq> Size<T> {
+    /// Creates a new [`Size`] from a width and a height.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use bevy_ui::{Size, Val};
+    /// #
+    /// let size = Size::new(Val::Px(100.0), Val::Px(200.0));
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(size.width, Val::Px(100.0));
+    /// assert_eq!(size.height, Val::Px(200.0));
+    /// ```
     pub fn new(width: T, height: T) -> Self {
         Size { width, height }
     }
@@ -162,23 +340,21 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn size_ops() {
-        type SizeF = Size<f32>;
-
         assert_eq!(
-            SizeF::new(10., 10.) + Vec2::new(10., 10.),
+            Size::new(10., 10.) + Vec2::new(10., 10.),
-            SizeF::new(20., 20.)
+            Size::new(20., 20.)
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            SizeF::new(20., 20.) - Vec2::new(10., 10.),
+            Size::new(20., 20.) - Vec2::new(10., 10.),
-            SizeF::new(10., 10.)
+            Size::new(10., 10.)
         );
-        assert_eq!(SizeF::new(10., 10.) * 2., SizeF::new(20., 20.));
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(10., 10.) * 2., Size::new(20., 20.));
-        assert_eq!(SizeF::new(20., 20.) / 2., SizeF::new(10., 10.));
+        assert_eq!(Size::new(20., 20.) / 2., Size::new(10., 10.));
 
-        let mut size = SizeF::new(10., 10.);
+        let mut size = Size::new(10., 10.);
 
         size += Vec2::new(10., 10.);
 
-        assert_eq!(size, SizeF::new(20., 20.));
+        assert_eq!(size, Size::new(20., 20.));
     }
 }