Expose text field from winit in KeyboardInput (#16864)

# Objective

Allow handling of dead keys on some keyboard layouts.

In some cases, dead keys were impossible to get using the
`KeyboardInput` event. This information is already present in the
underlying winit `KeyEvent`, but it wasn't exposed.

## Solution

Expose the `text` field from winit's `KeyEvent` in `KeyboardInput`.

This logic is inspired egui's implementation here:
adfc0bebfc/crates/egui-winit/src/lib.rs (L790-L807)

## Testing

This is a new field, so it shouldn't break any existing functionality. I
tested that this change works by running the modified `text_input`
example on different keyboard layouts.

## Example

Using a Portuguese/ABNT2 keyboard layout on windows and pressing
<kbd>\~</kbd> followed by
<kbd>a</kbd>/<kbd>Space</kbd>/<kbd>d</kbd>/<kbd>\~</kbd> now generates
the following events:
```
KeyboardInput { key_code: Quote, logical_key: Dead(Some('~')), state: Pressed, text: None, repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
KeyboardInput { key_code: KeyA, logical_key: Character("ã"), state: Pressed, text: Some("ã"), repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }

KeyboardInput { key_code: Quote, logical_key: Dead(Some('~')), state: Pressed, text: None, repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
KeyboardInput { key_code: Space, logical_key: Space, state: Pressed, text: Some("~"), repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }

KeyboardInput { key_code: Quote, logical_key: Dead(Some('~')), state: Pressed, text: None, repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
KeyboardInput { key_code: KeyD, logical_key: Character("d"), state: Pressed, text: Some("~d"), repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }

KeyboardInput { key_code: Quote, logical_key: Dead(Some('~')), state: Pressed, text: None, repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
KeyboardInput { key_code: Quote, logical_key: Dead(Some('~')), state: Pressed, text: Some("~~"), repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
```

The logic for getting an input is pretty simple: check if `text` is
`Some`. If it is, this is actual input text, otherwise it isn't.

There's a small caveat: certain keys generate control characters in the
input text, which needs to be filtered out:
```
KeyboardInput { key_code: Escape, logical_key: Escape, state: Pressed, text: Some("\u{1b}"), repeat: false, window: 0v1#4294967296 }
```

I've updated the text_input example to include egui's solution to this,
which works well.

## Migration Guide

The `KeyboardInput` event now has a new `text` field.

crates/bevy_input/src/keyboard.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,19 @@ pub struct KeyboardInput {
     pub logical_key: Key,
     /// The press state of the key.
     pub state: ButtonState,
+    /// Contains the text produced by this keypress.
+    ///
+    /// In most cases this is identical to the content
+    /// of the `Character` variant of `logical_key`.
+    /// However, on Windows when a dead key was pressed earlier
+    /// but cannot be combined with the character from this
+    /// keypress, the produced text will consist of two characters:
+    /// the dead-key-character followed by the character resulting
+    /// from this keypress.
+    ///
+    /// This is `None` if the current keypress cannot
+    /// be interpreted as text.
+    pub text: Option<SmolStr>,
     /// On some systems, holding down a key for some period of time causes that key to be repeated
     /// as though it were being pressed and released repeatedly. This field is [`true`] if this
     /// event is the result of one of those repeats.
@@ -750,6 +763,9 @@ pub enum Key {
     /// A key string that corresponds to the character typed by the user, taking into account the
     /// user’s current locale setting, and any system-level keyboard mapping overrides that are in
     /// effect.
+    ///
+    /// Note that behavior may vary across platforms and keyboard layouts.
+    /// See the `text` field of [`KeyboardInput`] for more information.
     Character(SmolStr),
 
     /// This variant is used when the key cannot be translated to any other variant.

crates/bevy_input_focus/src/lib.rs

@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ mod tests {
         key_code: KeyCode::KeyA,
         logical_key: Key::Character(SmolStr::new_static("A")),
         state: ButtonState::Pressed,
+        text: Some(SmolStr::new_static("A")),
         repeat: false,
         window: Entity::PLACEHOLDER,
     };

crates/bevy_winit/src/converters.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub fn convert_keyboard_input(
         state: convert_element_state(keyboard_input.state),
         key_code: convert_physical_key_code(keyboard_input.physical_key),
         logical_key: convert_logical_key(&keyboard_input.logical_key),
+        text: keyboard_input.text.clone(),
         repeat: keyboard_input.repeat,
         window,
     }

examples/input/text_input.rs

@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ fn listen_keyboard_input_events(
             continue;
         }
 
-        match &event.logical_key {
+        match (&event.logical_key, &event.text) {
-            Key::Enter => {
+            (Key::Enter, _) => {
                 if text.is_empty() {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -159,16 +159,27 @@ fn listen_keyboard_input_events(
                     },
                 ));
             }
-            Key::Space => {
+            (Key::Backspace, _) => {
-                text.push(' ');
-            }
-            Key::Backspace => {
                 text.pop();
             }
-            Key::Character(character) => {
+            (_, Some(inserted_text)) => {
-                text.push_str(character);
+                // Make sure the text doesn't have any control characters,
+                // which can happen when keys like Escape are pressed
+                if inserted_text.chars().all(is_printable_char) {
+                    text.push_str(inserted_text);
+                }
             }
             _ => continue,
         }
     }
 }
+
+// this logic is taken from egui-winit:
+// https://github.com/emilk/egui/blob/adfc0bebfc6be14cee2068dee758412a5e0648dc/crates/egui-winit/src/lib.rs#L1014-L1024
+fn is_printable_char(chr: char) -> bool {
+    let is_in_private_use_area = ('\u{e000}'..='\u{f8ff}').contains(&chr)
+        || ('\u{f0000}'..='\u{ffffd}').contains(&chr)
+        || ('\u{100000}'..='\u{10fffd}').contains(&chr);
+
+    !is_in_private_use_area && !chr.is_ascii_control()
+}