587 lines
24 KiB
Rust
587 lines
24 KiB
Rust
use crate::{
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AlphaMode, Material, MaterialPipeline, MaterialPipelineKey, ParallaxMappingMethod,
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PBR_PREPASS_SHADER_HANDLE, PBR_SHADER_HANDLE,
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};
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use bevy_asset::{Asset, Handle};
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use bevy_math::Vec4;
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use bevy_reflect::{std_traits::ReflectDefault, Reflect};
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use bevy_render::{
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color::Color, mesh::MeshVertexBufferLayout, render_asset::RenderAssets, render_resource::*,
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texture::Image,
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};
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/// A material with "standard" properties used in PBR lighting
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/// Standard property values with pictures here
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/// <https://google.github.io/filament/Material%20Properties.pdf>.
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///
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/// May be created directly from a [`Color`] or an [`Image`].
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#[derive(Asset, AsBindGroup, Reflect, Debug, Clone)]
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#[bind_group_data(StandardMaterialKey)]
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#[uniform(0, StandardMaterialUniform)]
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#[reflect(Default, Debug)]
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pub struct StandardMaterial {
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/// The color of the surface of the material before lighting.
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///
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/// Doubles as diffuse albedo for non-metallic, specular for metallic and a mix for everything
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/// in between. If used together with a `base_color_texture`, this is factored into the final
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/// base color as `base_color * base_color_texture_value`
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///
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/// Defaults to [`Color::WHITE`].
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pub base_color: Color,
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/// The texture component of the material's color before lighting.
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/// The actual pre-lighting color is `base_color * this_texture`.
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///
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/// See [`base_color`] for details.
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///
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/// You should set `base_color` to [`Color::WHITE`] (the default)
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/// if you want the texture to show as-is.
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///
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/// Setting `base_color` to something else than white will tint
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/// the texture. For example, setting `base_color` to pure red will
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/// tint the texture red.
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///
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/// [`base_color`]: StandardMaterial::base_color
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#[texture(1)]
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#[sampler(2)]
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#[dependency]
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pub base_color_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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// Use a color for user friendliness even though we technically don't use the alpha channel
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// Might be used in the future for exposure correction in HDR
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/// Color the material "emits" to the camera.
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///
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/// This is typically used for monitor screens or LED lights.
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/// Anything that can be visible even in darkness.
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///
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/// The emissive color is added to what would otherwise be the material's visible color.
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/// This means that for a light emissive value, in darkness,
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/// you will mostly see the emissive component.
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///
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/// The default emissive color is black, which doesn't add anything to the material color.
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///
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/// Note that **an emissive material won't light up surrounding areas like a light source**,
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/// it just adds a value to the color seen on screen.
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pub emissive: Color,
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/// The emissive map, multiplies pixels with [`emissive`]
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/// to get the final "emitting" color of a surface.
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///
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/// This color is multiplied by [`emissive`] to get the final emitted color.
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/// Meaning that you should set [`emissive`] to [`Color::WHITE`]
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/// if you want to use the full range of color of the emissive texture.
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///
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/// [`emissive`]: StandardMaterial::emissive
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#[texture(3)]
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#[sampler(4)]
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#[dependency]
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pub emissive_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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/// Linear perceptual roughness, clamped to `[0.089, 1.0]` in the shader.
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///
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/// Defaults to `0.5`.
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///
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/// Low values result in a "glossy" material with specular highlights,
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/// while values close to `1` result in rough materials.
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///
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/// If used together with a roughness/metallic texture, this is factored into the final base
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/// color as `roughness * roughness_texture_value`.
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///
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/// 0.089 is the minimum floating point value that won't be rounded down to 0 in the
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/// calculations used.
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//
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// Technically for 32-bit floats, 0.045 could be used.
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// See <https://google.github.io/filament/Filament.html#materialsystem/parameterization/>
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pub perceptual_roughness: f32,
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/// How "metallic" the material appears, within `[0.0, 1.0]`.
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///
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/// This should be set to 0.0 for dielectric materials or 1.0 for metallic materials.
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/// For a hybrid surface such as corroded metal, you may need to use in-between values.
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///
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/// Defaults to `0.00`, for dielectric.
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///
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/// If used together with a roughness/metallic texture, this is factored into the final base
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/// color as `metallic * metallic_texture_value`.
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pub metallic: f32,
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/// Metallic and roughness maps, stored as a single texture.
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///
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/// The blue channel contains metallic values,
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/// and the green channel contains the roughness values.
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/// Other channels are unused.
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///
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/// Those values are multiplied by the scalar ones of the material,
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/// see [`metallic`] and [`perceptual_roughness`] for details.
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///
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/// Note that with the default values of [`metallic`] and [`perceptual_roughness`],
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/// setting this texture has no effect. If you want to exclusively use the
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/// `metallic_roughness_texture` values for your material, make sure to set [`metallic`]
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/// and [`perceptual_roughness`] to `1.0`.
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///
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/// [`metallic`]: StandardMaterial::metallic
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/// [`perceptual_roughness`]: StandardMaterial::perceptual_roughness
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#[texture(5)]
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#[sampler(6)]
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#[dependency]
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pub metallic_roughness_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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/// Specular intensity for non-metals on a linear scale of `[0.0, 1.0]`.
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///
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/// Use the value as a way to control the intensity of the
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/// specular highlight of the material, i.e. how reflective is the material,
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/// rather than the physical property "reflectance."
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///
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/// Set to `0.0`, no specular highlight is visible, the highlight is strongest
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/// when `reflectance` is set to `1.0`.
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///
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/// Defaults to `0.5` which is mapped to 4% reflectance in the shader.
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#[doc(alias = "specular_intensity")]
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pub reflectance: f32,
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/// Used to fake the lighting of bumps and dents on a material.
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///
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/// A typical usage would be faking cobblestones on a flat plane mesh in 3D.
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///
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/// # Notes
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///
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/// Normal mapping with `StandardMaterial` and the core bevy PBR shaders requires:
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/// - A normal map texture
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/// - Vertex UVs
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/// - Vertex tangents
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/// - Vertex normals
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///
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/// Tangents do not have to be stored in your model,
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/// they can be generated using the [`Mesh::generate_tangents`] method.
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/// If your material has a normal map, but still renders as a flat surface,
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/// make sure your meshes have their tangents set.
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///
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/// [`Mesh::generate_tangents`]: bevy_render::mesh::Mesh::generate_tangents
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#[texture(9)]
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#[sampler(10)]
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#[dependency]
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pub normal_map_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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/// Normal map textures authored for DirectX have their y-component flipped. Set this to flip
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/// it to right-handed conventions.
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pub flip_normal_map_y: bool,
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/// Specifies the level of exposure to ambient light.
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///
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/// This is usually generated and stored automatically ("baked") by 3D-modelling software.
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///
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/// Typically, steep concave parts of a model (such as the armpit of a shirt) are darker,
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/// because they have little exposure to light.
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/// An occlusion map specifies those parts of the model that light doesn't reach well.
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///
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/// The material will be less lit in places where this texture is dark.
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/// This is similar to ambient occlusion, but built into the model.
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#[texture(7)]
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#[sampler(8)]
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#[dependency]
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pub occlusion_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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/// Support two-sided lighting by automatically flipping the normals for "back" faces
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/// within the PBR lighting shader.
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///
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/// Defaults to `false`.
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/// This does not automatically configure backface culling,
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/// which can be done via `cull_mode`.
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pub double_sided: bool,
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/// Whether to cull the "front", "back" or neither side of a mesh.
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/// If set to `None`, the two sides of the mesh are visible.
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///
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/// Defaults to `Some(Face::Back)`.
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/// In bevy, the order of declaration of a triangle's vertices
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/// in [`Mesh`] defines the triangle's front face.
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///
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/// When a triangle is in a viewport,
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/// if its vertices appear counter-clockwise from the viewport's perspective,
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/// then the viewport is seeing the triangle's front face.
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/// Conversely, if the vertices appear clockwise, you are seeing the back face.
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///
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/// In short, in bevy, front faces winds counter-clockwise.
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///
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/// Your 3D editing software should manage all of that.
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///
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/// [`Mesh`]: bevy_render::mesh::Mesh
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// TODO: include this in reflection somehow (maybe via remote types like serde https://serde.rs/remote-derive.html)
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#[reflect(ignore)]
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pub cull_mode: Option<Face>,
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/// Whether to apply only the base color to this material.
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///
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/// Normals, occlusion textures, roughness, metallic, reflectance, emissive,
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/// shadows, alpha mode and ambient light are ignored if this is set to `true`.
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pub unlit: bool,
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/// Whether to enable fog for this material.
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pub fog_enabled: bool,
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/// How to apply the alpha channel of the `base_color_texture`.
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///
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/// See [`AlphaMode`] for details. Defaults to [`AlphaMode::Opaque`].
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pub alpha_mode: AlphaMode,
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/// Adjust rendered depth.
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///
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/// A material with a positive depth bias will render closer to the
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/// camera while negative values cause the material to render behind
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/// other objects. This is independent of the viewport.
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///
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/// `depth_bias` affects render ordering and depth write operations
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/// using the `wgpu::DepthBiasState::Constant` field.
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///
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/// [z-fighting]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-fighting
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pub depth_bias: f32,
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/// The depth map used for [parallax mapping].
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///
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/// It is a greyscale image where white represents bottom and black the top.
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/// If this field is set, bevy will apply [parallax mapping].
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/// Parallax mapping, unlike simple normal maps, will move the texture
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/// coordinate according to the current perspective,
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/// giving actual depth to the texture.
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///
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/// The visual result is similar to a displacement map,
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/// but does not require additional geometry.
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///
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/// Use the [`parallax_depth_scale`] field to control the depth of the parallax.
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///
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/// ## Limitations
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///
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/// - It will look weird on bent/non-planar surfaces.
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/// - The depth of the pixel does not reflect its visual position, resulting
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/// in artifacts for depth-dependent features such as fog or SSAO.
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/// - For the same reason, the geometry silhouette will always be
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/// the one of the actual geometry, not the parallaxed version, resulting
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/// in awkward looks on intersecting parallaxed surfaces.
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///
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/// ## Performance
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///
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/// Parallax mapping requires multiple texture lookups, proportional to
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/// [`max_parallax_layer_count`], which might be costly.
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///
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/// Use the [`parallax_mapping_method`] and [`max_parallax_layer_count`] fields
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/// to tweak the shader, trading graphical quality for performance.
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///
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/// To improve performance, set your `depth_map`'s [`Image::sampler_descriptor`]
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/// filter mode to `FilterMode::Nearest`, as [this paper] indicates, it improves
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/// performance a bit.
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///
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/// To reduce artifacts, avoid steep changes in depth, blurring the depth
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/// map helps with this.
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///
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/// Larger depth maps haves a disproportionate performance impact.
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///
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/// [this paper]: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:831762/FULLTEXT01.pdf
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/// [parallax mapping]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax_mapping
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/// [`parallax_depth_scale`]: StandardMaterial::parallax_depth_scale
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/// [`parallax_mapping_method`]: StandardMaterial::parallax_mapping_method
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/// [`max_parallax_layer_count`]: StandardMaterial::max_parallax_layer_count
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#[texture(11)]
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#[sampler(12)]
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#[dependency]
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pub depth_map: Option<Handle<Image>>,
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/// How deep the offset introduced by the depth map should be.
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///
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/// Default is `0.1`, anything over that value may look distorted.
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/// Lower values lessen the effect.
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///
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/// The depth is relative to texture size. This means that if your texture
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/// occupies a surface of `1` world unit, and `parallax_depth_scale` is `0.1`, then
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/// the in-world depth will be of `0.1` world units.
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/// If the texture stretches for `10` world units, then the final depth
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/// will be of `1` world unit.
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pub parallax_depth_scale: f32,
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/// Which parallax mapping method to use.
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///
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/// We recommend that all objects use the same [`ParallaxMappingMethod`], to avoid
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/// duplicating and running two shaders.
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pub parallax_mapping_method: ParallaxMappingMethod,
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/// In how many layers to split the depth maps for parallax mapping.
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///
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/// If you are seeing jaggy edges, increase this value.
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/// However, this incurs a performance cost.
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///
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/// Dependent on the situation, switching to [`ParallaxMappingMethod::Relief`]
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/// and keeping this value low might have better performance than increasing the
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/// layer count while using [`ParallaxMappingMethod::Occlusion`].
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///
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/// Default is `16.0`.
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pub max_parallax_layer_count: f32,
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}
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impl Default for StandardMaterial {
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fn default() -> Self {
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StandardMaterial {
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// White because it gets multiplied with texture values if someone uses
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// a texture.
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base_color: Color::rgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
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base_color_texture: None,
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emissive: Color::BLACK,
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emissive_texture: None,
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// Matches Blender's default roughness.
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perceptual_roughness: 0.5,
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// Metallic should generally be set to 0.0 or 1.0.
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metallic: 0.0,
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metallic_roughness_texture: None,
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// Minimum real-world reflectance is 2%, most materials between 2-5%
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// Expressed in a linear scale and equivalent to 4% reflectance see
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// <https://google.github.io/filament/Material%20Properties.pdf>
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reflectance: 0.5,
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occlusion_texture: None,
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normal_map_texture: None,
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flip_normal_map_y: false,
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double_sided: false,
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cull_mode: Some(Face::Back),
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unlit: false,
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fog_enabled: true,
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alpha_mode: AlphaMode::Opaque,
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depth_bias: 0.0,
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depth_map: None,
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parallax_depth_scale: 0.1,
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max_parallax_layer_count: 16.0,
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parallax_mapping_method: ParallaxMappingMethod::Occlusion,
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<Color> for StandardMaterial {
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fn from(color: Color) -> Self {
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StandardMaterial {
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base_color: color,
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alpha_mode: if color.a() < 1.0 {
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AlphaMode::Blend
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} else {
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AlphaMode::Opaque
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},
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..Default::default()
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<Handle<Image>> for StandardMaterial {
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fn from(texture: Handle<Image>) -> Self {
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StandardMaterial {
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base_color_texture: Some(texture),
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..Default::default()
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}
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}
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}
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// NOTE: These must match the bit flags in bevy_pbr/src/render/pbr_types.wgsl!
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bitflags::bitflags! {
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/// Bitflags info about the material a shader is currently rendering.
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/// This is accessible in the shader in the [`StandardMaterialUniform`]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct StandardMaterialFlags: u32 {
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const BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE = (1 << 0);
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const EMISSIVE_TEXTURE = (1 << 1);
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const METALLIC_ROUGHNESS_TEXTURE = (1 << 2);
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const OCCLUSION_TEXTURE = (1 << 3);
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const DOUBLE_SIDED = (1 << 4);
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const UNLIT = (1 << 5);
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const TWO_COMPONENT_NORMAL_MAP = (1 << 6);
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const FLIP_NORMAL_MAP_Y = (1 << 7);
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const FOG_ENABLED = (1 << 8);
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const DEPTH_MAP = (1 << 9); // Used for parallax mapping
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const ALPHA_MODE_RESERVED_BITS = (Self::ALPHA_MODE_MASK_BITS << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); // ← Bitmask reserving bits for the `AlphaMode`
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const ALPHA_MODE_OPAQUE = (0 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); // ← Values are just sequential values bitshifted into
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const ALPHA_MODE_MASK = (1 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); // the bitmask, and can range from 0 to 7.
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const ALPHA_MODE_BLEND = (2 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); //
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const ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED = (3 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); //
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const ALPHA_MODE_ADD = (4 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); // Right now only values 0–5 are used, which still gives
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const ALPHA_MODE_MULTIPLY = (5 << Self::ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS); // ← us "room" for two more modes without adding more bits
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const NONE = 0;
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const UNINITIALIZED = 0xFFFF;
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}
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}
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impl StandardMaterialFlags {
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const ALPHA_MODE_MASK_BITS: u32 = 0b111;
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const ALPHA_MODE_SHIFT_BITS: u32 = 32 - Self::ALPHA_MODE_MASK_BITS.count_ones();
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}
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/// The GPU representation of the uniform data of a [`StandardMaterial`].
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#[derive(Clone, Default, ShaderType)]
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pub struct StandardMaterialUniform {
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/// Doubles as diffuse albedo for non-metallic, specular for metallic and a mix for everything
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/// in between.
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pub base_color: Vec4,
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// Use a color for user friendliness even though we technically don't use the alpha channel
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// Might be used in the future for exposure correction in HDR
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pub emissive: Vec4,
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/// Linear perceptual roughness, clamped to [0.089, 1.0] in the shader
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/// Defaults to minimum of 0.089
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pub roughness: f32,
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/// From [0.0, 1.0], dielectric to pure metallic
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pub metallic: f32,
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/// Specular intensity for non-metals on a linear scale of [0.0, 1.0]
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/// defaults to 0.5 which is mapped to 4% reflectance in the shader
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pub reflectance: f32,
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/// The [`StandardMaterialFlags`] accessible in the `wgsl` shader.
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pub flags: u32,
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/// When the alpha mode mask flag is set, any base color alpha above this cutoff means fully opaque,
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/// and any below means fully transparent.
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pub alpha_cutoff: f32,
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/// The depth of the [`StandardMaterial::depth_map`] to apply.
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pub parallax_depth_scale: f32,
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/// In how many layers to split the depth maps for Steep parallax mapping.
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///
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/// If your `parallax_depth_scale` is >0.1 and you are seeing jaggy edges,
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/// increase this value. However, this incurs a performance cost.
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pub max_parallax_layer_count: f32,
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/// Using [`ParallaxMappingMethod::Relief`], how many additional
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/// steps to use at most to find the depth value.
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pub max_relief_mapping_search_steps: u32,
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}
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impl AsBindGroupShaderType<StandardMaterialUniform> for StandardMaterial {
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fn as_bind_group_shader_type(&self, images: &RenderAssets<Image>) -> StandardMaterialUniform {
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let mut flags = StandardMaterialFlags::NONE;
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if self.base_color_texture.is_some() {
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flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::BASE_COLOR_TEXTURE;
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}
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if self.emissive_texture.is_some() {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::EMISSIVE_TEXTURE;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.metallic_roughness_texture.is_some() {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::METALLIC_ROUGHNESS_TEXTURE;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.occlusion_texture.is_some() {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::OCCLUSION_TEXTURE;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.double_sided {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::DOUBLE_SIDED;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.unlit {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::UNLIT;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.fog_enabled {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::FOG_ENABLED;
|
||
}
|
||
if self.depth_map.is_some() {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::DEPTH_MAP;
|
||
}
|
||
let has_normal_map = self.normal_map_texture.is_some();
|
||
if has_normal_map {
|
||
let normal_map_id = self.normal_map_texture.as_ref().map(|h| h.id()).unwrap();
|
||
if let Some(texture) = images.get(normal_map_id) {
|
||
match texture.texture_format {
|
||
// All 2-component unorm formats
|
||
TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm
|
||
| TextureFormat::Rg16Unorm
|
||
| TextureFormat::Bc5RgUnorm
|
||
| TextureFormat::EacRg11Unorm => {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::TWO_COMPONENT_NORMAL_MAP;
|
||
}
|
||
_ => {}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
if self.flip_normal_map_y {
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::FLIP_NORMAL_MAP_Y;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
// NOTE: 0.5 is from the glTF default - do we want this?
|
||
let mut alpha_cutoff = 0.5;
|
||
match self.alpha_mode {
|
||
AlphaMode::Opaque => flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_OPAQUE,
|
||
AlphaMode::Mask(c) => {
|
||
alpha_cutoff = c;
|
||
flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_MASK;
|
||
}
|
||
AlphaMode::Blend => flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_BLEND,
|
||
AlphaMode::Premultiplied => flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED,
|
||
AlphaMode::Add => flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_ADD,
|
||
AlphaMode::Multiply => flags |= StandardMaterialFlags::ALPHA_MODE_MULTIPLY,
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
StandardMaterialUniform {
|
||
base_color: self.base_color.as_linear_rgba_f32().into(),
|
||
emissive: self.emissive.as_linear_rgba_f32().into(),
|
||
roughness: self.perceptual_roughness,
|
||
metallic: self.metallic,
|
||
reflectance: self.reflectance,
|
||
flags: flags.bits(),
|
||
alpha_cutoff,
|
||
parallax_depth_scale: self.parallax_depth_scale,
|
||
max_parallax_layer_count: self.max_parallax_layer_count,
|
||
max_relief_mapping_search_steps: self.parallax_mapping_method.max_steps(),
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/// The pipeline key for [`StandardMaterial`].
|
||
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
|
||
pub struct StandardMaterialKey {
|
||
normal_map: bool,
|
||
cull_mode: Option<Face>,
|
||
depth_bias: i32,
|
||
relief_mapping: bool,
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
impl From<&StandardMaterial> for StandardMaterialKey {
|
||
fn from(material: &StandardMaterial) -> Self {
|
||
StandardMaterialKey {
|
||
normal_map: material.normal_map_texture.is_some(),
|
||
cull_mode: material.cull_mode,
|
||
depth_bias: material.depth_bias as i32,
|
||
relief_mapping: matches!(
|
||
material.parallax_mapping_method,
|
||
ParallaxMappingMethod::Relief { .. }
|
||
),
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
impl Material for StandardMaterial {
|
||
fn specialize(
|
||
_pipeline: &MaterialPipeline<Self>,
|
||
descriptor: &mut RenderPipelineDescriptor,
|
||
_layout: &MeshVertexBufferLayout,
|
||
key: MaterialPipelineKey<Self>,
|
||
) -> Result<(), SpecializedMeshPipelineError> {
|
||
if let Some(fragment) = descriptor.fragment.as_mut() {
|
||
let shader_defs = &mut fragment.shader_defs;
|
||
|
||
if key.bind_group_data.normal_map {
|
||
shader_defs.push("STANDARDMATERIAL_NORMAL_MAP".into());
|
||
}
|
||
if key.bind_group_data.relief_mapping {
|
||
shader_defs.push("RELIEF_MAPPING".into());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
descriptor.primitive.cull_mode = key.bind_group_data.cull_mode;
|
||
if let Some(label) = &mut descriptor.label {
|
||
*label = format!("pbr_{}", *label).into();
|
||
}
|
||
if let Some(depth_stencil) = descriptor.depth_stencil.as_mut() {
|
||
depth_stencil.bias.constant = key.bind_group_data.depth_bias;
|
||
}
|
||
Ok(())
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
fn prepass_fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
|
||
PBR_PREPASS_SHADER_HANDLE.into()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
fn fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
|
||
PBR_SHADER_HANDLE.into()
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[inline]
|
||
fn alpha_mode(&self) -> AlphaMode {
|
||
self.alpha_mode
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[inline]
|
||
fn depth_bias(&self) -> f32 {
|
||
self.depth_bias
|
||
}
|
||
}
|