bevy/crates/bevy_ecs/src/entity/mod.rs
2025-07-09 10:44:06 -04:00

1627 lines
66 KiB
Rust

//! This module contains all entity types and utilities for interacting with their ids.
//!
//! # What is an Entity?
//!
//! The ecs [docs](crate) give an overview of what entities are and generally how to use them.
//! These docs provide more detail into how they actually work.
//! In these docs [`Entity`] and "entity id" are synonymous and refer to the [`Entity`] type, which identifies an entity.
//! The term "entity" used on its own refers to the "thing"/"game object" that id references.
//!
//! # In this Module
//!
//! This module contains four main things:
//!
//! - Core ecs types like [`Entity`], [`Entities`], and [`EntitiesAllocator`].
//! - Utilities for [`Entity`] ids like [`MapEntities`], [`EntityHash`], and [`UniqueEntityVec`].
//! - Helpers for entity tasks like [`EntityCloner`].
//! - Entity-related error types like [`EntityDoesNotExistError`].
//!
//! # Entity Life Cycle
//!
//! Entities have life cycles.
//! They are created, used for a while, and eventually destroyed.
//! Let's start from the top:
//!
//! **Spawn:** An entity is created.
//! In bevy, this is called spawning.
//! Most commonly, this is done through [`World::spawn`](crate::world::World::spawn) or [`Commands::spawn`](crate::system::Commands::spawn).
//! This creates a fresh entity in the world and returns its [`Entity`] id, which can be used to interact with the entity it identifies.
//! These methods initialize the entity with a [`Bundle`], a group of [components](crate::component::Component) that it starts with.
//! It is also possible to use [`World::spawn_empty`](crate::world::World::spawn_empty) or [`Commands::spawn_empty`](crate::system::Commands::spawn_empty), which are similar but do not add any components to the entity.
//! In either case, the returned [`Entity`] id is used to further interact with the entity.
//! Once an entity is created, you will need its [`Entity`] id to progress its life cycle.
//! This can be done through [`World::entity_mut`](crate::world::World::entity_mut) and [`Commands::entity`](crate::system::Commands::entity).
//! Even if you don't store the id, you can still find the entity you spawned by searching for it in a [`Query`].
//!
//! **Insert:** Once an entity has been created, additional [`Bundle`]s can be inserted.
//! There are lots of ways to do this and lots of ways to configure what to do when a component in the bundle is already present on the entity.
//! Each entity can only have 0 or 1 values for each kind of component.
//! See [`EntityWorldMut::insert`](crate::world::EntityWorldMut::insert) and [`EntityCommands::insert`](crate::system::EntityCommands::insert) for a start on how to do this.
//!
//! **Remove:** Components on an entity can be removed as well.
//! See [`EntityWorldMut::remove`](crate::world::EntityWorldMut::remove) and [`EntityCommands::remove`](crate::system::EntityCommands::remove) for a start on how to do this.
//!
//! **Despawn:** Despawn an entity when it is no longer needed.
//! This destroys it and all its components.
//! The entity is no longer reachable through the [`World`], [`Commands`], or [`Query`]s.
//! Note that this means an [`Entity`] id may refer to an entity that has since been despawned!
//! Not all [`Entity`] ids refer to active entities.
//! If an [`Entity`] id is used when its entity no longer exists, an [`EntityDoesNotExistError`] is emitted.
//! Any [`System`](crate::system) could despawn any entity; even if you never share an entity's id, it could still be despawned unexpectedly.
//! Handle these errors gracefully.
//!
//! In short:
//!
//! - Entities are spawned through methods like [`World::spawn`](crate::world::World::spawn), which return an [`Entity`] id for the new entity.
//! - Once spawned, they can be accessed and modified through [`Query`]s and other apis.
//! - You can get the [`Entity`] id of an entity through [`Query`]s, so losing an [`Entity`] id is not a problem.
//! - Entities can have components inserted and removed via [`World::entity_mut`](crate::world::World::entity_mut) and [`Commands::entity`](crate::system::Commands::entity).
//! - Entities are eventually despawned, destroying the entity and causing its [`Entity`] id to no longer refer to an entity.
//! - Not all [`Entity`] ids point to actual entities, which makes many entity methods fallible.
//!
//! # Entity Ids
//!
//! As mentioned entities each have an [`Entity`] id, which is used to interact with that entity.
//! But what actually is this id?
//! This [`Entity`] id is the combination of two ideas: [`EntityRow`] and [`EntityGeneration`].
//! You can think of the [`Entity`] type as a `struct Entity { row: u32, generation: u32 }`.
//!
//! To understand these ids, picture the ecs [`World`] as a spreadsheet.
//! Each kind of component is represented by a column in the spreadsheet and each entity is a row.
//! That's what the `row` does in [`Entity`]; it identifies where in the spreadsheet to find component values.
//! If an entity doesn't have a component, picture leaving the cell at that entity row and component column blank or `None`.
//! To find the component values of an entity, Bevy searches through the spreadsheet at the [`EntityRow`] for the entity and the [`ComponentId`](crate::component::ComponentId) for the component.
//!
//! An [`EntityRow`] always references exactly 1 entity in the [`World`].
//! Think about it, even if the spreadsheet only *uses* rows 1, 2, and 12, it still *has* millions of rows.
//! In the spreadsheet analogy, you can think of each row as being in one of 3 states:
//!
//! 1. The row is not used.
//! Think of this as graying out the row or otherwise hiding it.
//! This row doesn't just have no components; it isn't even participating at this point.
//! 2. The row is empty.
//! The row is being used; it's visible, discoverable, etc; it just happens to not have any component values.
//! 3. The row is full.
//! This is the "normal" state of a row.
//! It has some component values and is being used.
//!
//! [`EntityRow`] behaves much the same way as the spreadsheet row.
//! Each row has a [`EntityIdLocation`] which defines that row/entity's state.
//! The [`EntityIdLocation`] is an `Option` of [`EntityLocation`].
//! If this is `Some`, the row is considered constructed (think *used* in the spreadsheet), otherwise it is considered destructed (think *grayed out* in the spreadsheet).
//! Only constructed entities, entities with `Some` [`EntityLocation`], participate in the [`World`].
//! The [`EntityLocation`] further describes which components an entity has and where to find them; it determines which spreadsheet cells are blank and which ones have values.
//! Only constructed rows are discoverable through [`Query`]s, etc.
//!
//! With that spreadsheet intuition, lets get a bit more precise with some definitions:
//!
//! - An entity that is used, not grayed out in the spreadsheet, is considered *constructed*.
//! - An entity that is is grayed out in the spreadsheet, not used, is considered *destructed* or *null*.
//! - A constructed entity that has no components is considered *empty* or *void*,
//! which is different from null since these are still participating entities, discoverable through queries and interact-able through commands;
//! they just happen to have no components.
//!
//! An [`EntityRow`] always references exactly 1 entity in the [`World`]; they always exist (even though they may still be null).
//! This differs from [`Entity`] which references 0 or 1 entities, depending on if the entity it refers to still exists.
//! The rows are represented with 32 bits, so there are always over 4 billion entities in the world.
//! However, not all these entities are usable or stored in memory; Bevy doesn't store information for rows that have always been *null* (never been constructed).
//!
//! Rows can be repeatedly constructed and destructed.
//! Each construction and destruction corresponds to an [`EntityGeneration`].
//! The first time a row is constructed, it has a generation of 0, and when it is destructed, it gets a generation of 1.
//! This differentiates each construction of that [`EntityRow`].
//! Again, all an [`Entity`] id is is an [`EntityRow`] (where to find the component values) and an [`EntityGeneration`] (which version of that row it references).
//! When an [`Entity`] id is invalid, it just means that that generation of its row has been destructed.
//! It could still be null (unconstructed) or it could have been re-constructed after it was destructed.
//! Either way, that row-generation pair no longer exists.
//!
//! As mentioned, once an [`EntityRow`] is destructed, it is not discoverable until it is constructed again.
//! To prevent these rows from being forgotten, bevy tracks them in an [`EntitiesAllocator`].
//! When a new entity is spawned, all bevy does is allocate a new [`Entity`] id from the allocator and [`World::construct`](crate::world::World::construct) it.
//! When it is despawned, all bevy does is [`World::destruct`](crate::world::World::destruct) it and return the [`Entity`] id (with the next [`EntityGeneration`] for that [`EntityRow`]) to the allocator.
//! It's that simple.
//!
//! Bevy exposes this functionality as well.
//! Spawning an entity requires full access to the [`World`], but using [`World::spawn_null`](crate::world::World::spawn_null) can be done fully concurrently.
//! Of course, to make that entity usable, it will need to be passed to [`World::construct`](crate::world::World::construct).
//! Managing entity ids manually is advanced but can be very useful for concurrency, custom entity allocators, etc.
//! But there are risks when used improperly:
//! Losing a null entity row without returning it to bevy's allocator will cause that row to be unreachable, effectively a memory leak.
//! Further, constructing an arbitrary [`EntityRow`] can cause problems if that same row is queued for reuse in the allocator.
//! Use this powerfully but with caution.
//!
//! Lots of information about the state of an [`EntityRow`] can be obtained through [`Entities`].
//! For example, this can be used to get the most recent [`Entity`] of an [`EntityRow`] in [`Entities::resolve_from_row`].
//! See its docs for more.
//!
//! In short:
//!
//! - An [`Entity`] id is just a [`EntityRow`] and a [`EntityGeneration`] of that row.
//! - [`EntityRow`]s can be constructed and destructed repeatedly, where each construction gets its own [`EntityGeneration`].
//! - Bevy exposes this functionality through [`World::spawn_null`](crate::world::World::spawn_null), [`World::construct`](crate::world::World::construct), and [`World::destruct`](crate::world::World::destruct).
//! - While understanding these details help build an intuition for how bevy handles entities, using these apis directly is risky but powerful.
//! - Lots of id information can be obtained from [`Entities`].
//!
//! # Storage
//!
//! As mentioned above, an ecs [`World`] can be imagined as a spreadsheet.
//! One way that spreadsheet could be implemented is a list of [`Entity`]s and a hashmap for each component that maps an [`EntityRow`] to a component value if that row has the entity.
//! Bevy's ecs is quite different from that implementation (and much, much faster).
//! For details on how component storage actually works, see [`storage`](crate::storage).
//!
//! Regardless, the spreadsheet also needs a special column that tracks metadata about an entity.
//! This column doesn't represents a component and is specific to the [`EntityRow`], not the [`Entity`].
//! For example, one thing Bevy stores in this metadata is the current [`EntityGeneration`] of the row.
//! It also stores more information like the [`Tick`] a row was last constructed or destructed, and the [`EntityIdLocation`] itself.
//! For more information about what's stored here, see [`Entities`], Bevy's implementation of this special column.
//!
//! [`World`]: crate::world::World
//! [`Query`]: crate::system::Query
//! [`Bundle`]: crate::bundle::Bundle
//! [`Component`]: crate::component::Component
//! [`Commands`]: crate::system::Commands
mod clone_entities;
mod entity_set;
mod map_entities;
#[cfg(feature = "bevy_reflect")]
use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
#[cfg(all(feature = "bevy_reflect", feature = "serialize"))]
use bevy_reflect::{ReflectDeserialize, ReflectSerialize};
pub use clone_entities::*;
use derive_more::derive::Display;
pub use entity_set::*;
pub use map_entities::*;
mod hash;
pub use hash::*;
pub mod hash_map;
pub mod hash_set;
pub use hash_map::EntityHashMap;
pub use hash_set::EntityHashSet;
pub mod index_map;
pub mod index_set;
pub use index_map::EntityIndexMap;
pub use index_set::EntityIndexSet;
pub mod unique_array;
pub mod unique_slice;
pub mod unique_vec;
use nonmax::NonMaxU32;
pub use unique_array::{UniqueEntityArray, UniqueEntityEquivalentArray};
pub use unique_slice::{UniqueEntityEquivalentSlice, UniqueEntitySlice};
pub use unique_vec::{UniqueEntityEquivalentVec, UniqueEntityVec};
use crate::{
archetype::{ArchetypeId, ArchetypeRow},
change_detection::MaybeLocation,
component::{CheckChangeTicks, Tick},
storage::{SparseSetIndex, TableId, TableRow},
};
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use bevy_platform::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
use core::{fmt, hash::Hash, mem, num::NonZero, panic::Location};
use log::warn;
#[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// This represents the row or "index" of an [`Entity`] within the [`Entities`] table.
/// This is a lighter weight version of [`Entity`].
///
/// This is a unique identifier for an entity in the world.
/// This differs from [`Entity`] in that [`Entity`] is unique for all entities total (unless the [`Entity::generation`] wraps),
/// but this is only unique for entities that are active.
///
/// This can be used over [`Entity`] to improve performance in some cases,
/// but improper use can cause this to identify a different entity than intended.
/// Use with caution.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Display)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", derive(Reflect))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(opaque))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(Hash, PartialEq, Debug, Clone))]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct EntityRow(NonMaxU32);
impl EntityRow {
const PLACEHOLDER: Self = Self(NonMaxU32::MAX);
/// Constructs a new [`EntityRow`] from its index.
pub const fn new(index: NonMaxU32) -> Self {
Self(index)
}
/// Gets the index of the entity.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn index(self) -> u32 {
self.0.get()
}
/// Gets some bits that represent this value.
/// The bits are opaque and should not be regarded as meaningful.
#[inline(always)]
const fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
// SAFETY: NonMax is repr transparent.
unsafe { mem::transmute::<NonMaxU32, u32>(self.0) }
}
/// Reconstruct an [`EntityRow`] previously destructured with [`EntityRow::to_bits`].
///
/// Only useful when applied to results from `to_bits` in the same instance of an application.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This method will likely panic if given `u32` values that did not come from [`EntityRow::to_bits`].
#[inline]
const fn from_bits(bits: u32) -> Self {
Self::try_from_bits(bits).expect("Attempted to initialize invalid bits as an entity row")
}
/// Reconstruct an [`EntityRow`] previously destructured with [`EntityRow::to_bits`].
///
/// Only useful when applied to results from `to_bits` in the same instance of an application.
///
/// This method is the fallible counterpart to [`EntityRow::from_bits`].
#[inline(always)]
const fn try_from_bits(bits: u32) -> Option<Self> {
match NonZero::<u32>::new(bits) {
// SAFETY: NonMax and NonZero are repr transparent.
Some(underlying) => Some(Self(unsafe {
mem::transmute::<NonZero<u32>, NonMaxU32>(underlying)
})),
None => None,
}
}
}
impl SparseSetIndex for EntityRow {
#[inline]
fn sparse_set_index(&self) -> usize {
self.index() as usize
}
#[inline]
fn get_sparse_set_index(value: usize) -> Self {
Self::from_bits(value as u32)
}
}
/// This tracks different versions or generations of an [`EntityRow`].
/// Importantly, this can wrap, meaning each generation is not necessarily unique per [`EntityRow`].
///
/// This should be treated as a opaque identifier, and its internal representation may be subject to change.
///
/// # Aliasing
///
/// Internally [`EntityGeneration`] wraps a `u32`, so it can't represent *every* possible generation.
/// Eventually, generations can (and do) wrap or alias.
/// This can cause [`Entity`] and [`EntityGeneration`] values to be equal while still referring to different conceptual entities.
/// This can cause some surprising behavior:
///
/// ```
/// # use bevy_ecs::entity::EntityGeneration;
/// let (aliased, did_alias) = EntityGeneration::FIRST.after_versions(1u32 << 31).after_versions_and_could_alias(1u32 << 31);
/// assert!(did_alias);
/// assert!(EntityGeneration::FIRST == aliased);
/// ```
///
/// This can cause some unintended side effects.
/// See [`Entity`] docs for practical concerns and how to minimize any risks.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Display)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", derive(Reflect))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(opaque))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(Hash, PartialEq, Debug, Clone))]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct EntityGeneration(u32);
impl EntityGeneration {
/// Represents the first generation of an [`EntityRow`].
pub const FIRST: Self = Self(0);
/// Non-wrapping difference between two generations after which a signed interpretation becomes negative.
const DIFF_MAX: u32 = 1u32 << 31;
/// Gets some bits that represent this value.
/// The bits are opaque and should not be regarded as meaningful.
#[inline(always)]
const fn to_bits(self) -> u32 {
self.0
}
/// Reconstruct an [`EntityGeneration`] previously destructured with [`EntityGeneration::to_bits`].
///
/// Only useful when applied to results from `to_bits` in the same instance of an application.
#[inline]
const fn from_bits(bits: u32) -> Self {
Self(bits)
}
/// Returns the [`EntityGeneration`] that would result from this many more `versions` of the corresponding [`EntityRow`] from passing.
#[inline]
pub const fn after_versions(self, versions: u32) -> Self {
Self(self.0.wrapping_add(versions))
}
/// Identical to [`after_versions`](Self::after_versions) but also returns a `bool` indicating if,
/// after these `versions`, one such version could conflict with a previous one.
///
/// If this happens, this will no longer uniquely identify a version of an [`EntityRow`].
/// This is called entity aliasing.
#[inline]
pub const fn after_versions_and_could_alias(self, versions: u32) -> (Self, bool) {
let raw = self.0.overflowing_add(versions);
(Self(raw.0), raw.1)
}
/// Compares two generations.
///
/// Generations that are later will be [`Greater`](core::cmp::Ordering::Greater) than earlier ones.
///
/// ```
/// # use bevy_ecs::entity::EntityGeneration;
/// # use core::cmp::Ordering;
/// let later_generation = EntityGeneration::FIRST.after_versions(400);
/// assert_eq!(EntityGeneration::FIRST.cmp_approx(&later_generation), Ordering::Less);
///
/// let (aliased, did_alias) = EntityGeneration::FIRST.after_versions(400).after_versions_and_could_alias(u32::MAX);
/// assert!(did_alias);
/// assert_eq!(EntityGeneration::FIRST.cmp_approx(&aliased), Ordering::Less);
/// ```
///
/// Ordering will be incorrect and [non-transitive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_relation)
/// for distant generations:
///
/// ```should_panic
/// # use bevy_ecs::entity::EntityGeneration;
/// # use core::cmp::Ordering;
/// let later_generation = EntityGeneration::FIRST.after_versions(3u32 << 31);
/// let much_later_generation = later_generation.after_versions(3u32 << 31);
///
/// // while these orderings are correct and pass assertions...
/// assert_eq!(EntityGeneration::FIRST.cmp_approx(&later_generation), Ordering::Less);
/// assert_eq!(later_generation.cmp_approx(&much_later_generation), Ordering::Less);
///
/// // ... this ordering is not and the assertion fails!
/// assert_eq!(EntityGeneration::FIRST.cmp_approx(&much_later_generation), Ordering::Less);
/// ```
///
/// Because of this, `EntityGeneration` does not implement `Ord`/`PartialOrd`.
#[inline]
pub const fn cmp_approx(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
use core::cmp::Ordering;
match self.0.wrapping_sub(other.0) {
0 => Ordering::Equal,
1..Self::DIFF_MAX => Ordering::Greater,
_ => Ordering::Less,
}
}
}
/// This uniquely identifies an entity in a [`World`].
/// Note that this is just an id, not the entity itself.
/// Further, the entity this id refers to may no longer exist in the [`World`].
/// For more information about entities, their ids, and how to use them, see the module [docs](crate::entity).
///
/// # Aliasing
///
/// Once an entity is despawned, it ceases to exist.
/// However, its [`Entity`] id is still present, and may still be contained in some data.
/// This becomes problematic because it is possible for a later entity to be spawned at the exact same id!
/// If this happens, which is rare but very possible, it will be logged.
///
/// Aliasing can happen without warning.
/// Holding onto a [`Entity`] id corresponding to an entity well after that entity was despawned can cause un-intuitive behavior for both ordering, and comparing in general.
/// To prevent these bugs, it is generally best practice to stop holding an [`Entity`] or [`EntityGeneration`] value as soon as you know it has been despawned.
/// If you must do otherwise, do not assume the [`Entity`] id corresponds to the same entity it originally did.
/// See [`EntityGeneration`]'s docs for more information about aliasing and why it occurs.
///
/// # Stability warning
/// For all intents and purposes, `Entity` should be treated as an opaque identifier. The internal bit
/// representation is liable to change from release to release as are the behaviors or performance
/// characteristics of any of its trait implementations (i.e. `Ord`, `Hash`, etc.). This means that changes in
/// `Entity`'s representation, though made readable through various functions on the type, are not considered
/// breaking changes under [SemVer].
///
/// In particular, directly serializing with `Serialize` and `Deserialize` make zero guarantee of long
/// term wire format compatibility. Changes in behavior will cause serialized `Entity` values persisted
/// to long term storage (i.e. disk, databases, etc.) will fail to deserialize upon being updated.
///
/// # Usage
///
/// This data type is returned by iterating a `Query` that has `Entity` as part of its query fetch type parameter ([learn more]).
/// It can also be obtained by calling [`EntityCommands::id`] or [`EntityWorldMut::id`].
///
/// ```
/// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
/// # #[derive(Component)]
/// # struct SomeComponent;
/// fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
/// // Calling `spawn` returns `EntityCommands`.
/// let entity = commands.spawn(SomeComponent).id();
/// }
///
/// fn exclusive_system(world: &mut World) {
/// // Calling `spawn` returns `EntityWorldMut`.
/// let entity = world.spawn(SomeComponent).id();
/// }
/// #
/// # bevy_ecs::system::assert_is_system(setup);
/// # bevy_ecs::system::assert_is_system(exclusive_system);
/// ```
///
/// It can be used to refer to a specific entity to apply [`EntityCommands`], or to call [`Query::get`] (or similar methods) to access its components.
///
/// ```
/// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
/// #
/// # #[derive(Component)]
/// # struct Expired;
/// #
/// fn dispose_expired_food(mut commands: Commands, query: Query<Entity, With<Expired>>) {
/// for food_entity in &query {
/// commands.entity(food_entity).despawn();
/// }
/// }
/// #
/// # bevy_ecs::system::assert_is_system(dispose_expired_food);
/// ```
///
/// [learn more]: crate::system::Query#entity-id-access
/// [`EntityCommands::id`]: crate::system::EntityCommands::id
/// [`EntityWorldMut::id`]: crate::world::EntityWorldMut::id
/// [`EntityCommands`]: crate::system::EntityCommands
/// [`Query::get`]: crate::system::Query::get
/// [`World`]: crate::world::World
/// [SemVer]: https://semver.org/
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", derive(Reflect))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(opaque))]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "bevy_reflect", reflect(Hash, PartialEq, Debug, Clone))]
#[cfg_attr(
all(feature = "bevy_reflect", feature = "serialize"),
reflect(Serialize, Deserialize)
)]
// Alignment repr necessary to allow LLVM to better output
// optimized codegen for `to_bits`, `PartialEq` and `Ord`.
#[repr(C, align(8))]
pub struct Entity {
// Do not reorder the fields here. The ordering is explicitly used by repr(C)
// to make this struct equivalent to a u64.
#[cfg(target_endian = "little")]
row: EntityRow,
generation: EntityGeneration,
#[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
row: EntityRow,
}
// By not short-circuiting in comparisons, we get better codegen.
// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/117800>
impl PartialEq for Entity {
#[inline]
fn eq(&self, other: &Entity) -> bool {
// By using `to_bits`, the codegen can be optimized out even
// further potentially. Relies on the correct alignment/field
// order of `Entity`.
self.to_bits() == other.to_bits()
}
}
impl Eq for Entity {}
// The derive macro codegen output is not optimal and can't be optimized as well
// by the compiler. This impl resolves the issue of non-optimal codegen by relying
// on comparing against the bit representation of `Entity` instead of comparing
// the fields. The result is then LLVM is able to optimize the codegen for Entity
// far beyond what the derive macro can.
// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/106107>
impl PartialOrd for Entity {
#[inline]
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
// Make use of our `Ord` impl to ensure optimal codegen output
Some(self.cmp(other))
}
}
// The derive macro codegen output is not optimal and can't be optimized as well
// by the compiler. This impl resolves the issue of non-optimal codegen by relying
// on comparing against the bit representation of `Entity` instead of comparing
// the fields. The result is then LLVM is able to optimize the codegen for Entity
// far beyond what the derive macro can.
// See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/106107>
impl Ord for Entity {
#[inline]
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
// This will result in better codegen for ordering comparisons, plus
// avoids pitfalls with regards to macro codegen relying on property
// position when we want to compare against the bit representation.
self.to_bits().cmp(&other.to_bits())
}
}
impl Hash for Entity {
#[inline]
fn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
self.to_bits().hash(state);
}
}
impl Entity {
/// Construct an [`Entity`] from a raw `row` value and a non-zero `generation` value.
/// Ensure that the generation value is never greater than `0x7FFF_FFFF`.
#[inline(always)]
pub(crate) const fn from_raw_and_generation(
row: EntityRow,
generation: EntityGeneration,
) -> Entity {
Self { row, generation }
}
/// An entity ID with a placeholder value. This may or may not correspond to an actual entity,
/// and should be overwritten by a new value before being used.
///
/// ## Examples
///
/// Initializing a collection (e.g. `array` or `Vec`) with a known size:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
/// // Create a new array of size 10 filled with invalid entity ids.
/// let mut entities: [Entity; 10] = [Entity::PLACEHOLDER; 10];
///
/// // ... replace the entities with valid ones.
/// ```
///
/// Deriving [`Reflect`] for a component that has an `Entity` field:
///
/// ```no_run
/// # use bevy_ecs::{prelude::*, component::*};
/// # use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
/// #[derive(Reflect, Component)]
/// #[reflect(Component)]
/// pub struct MyStruct {
/// pub entity: Entity,
/// }
///
/// impl FromWorld for MyStruct {
/// fn from_world(_world: &mut World) -> Self {
/// Self {
/// entity: Entity::PLACEHOLDER,
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub const PLACEHOLDER: Self = Self::from_raw(EntityRow::PLACEHOLDER);
/// Creates a new entity ID with the specified `row` and a generation of 1.
///
/// # Note
///
/// Spawning a specific `entity` value is __rarely the right choice__. Most apps should favor
/// [`Commands::spawn`](crate::system::Commands::spawn). This method should generally
/// only be used for sharing entities across apps, and only when they have a scheme
/// worked out to share an index space (which doesn't happen by default).
///
/// In general, one should not try to synchronize the ECS by attempting to ensure that
/// `Entity` lines up between instances, but instead insert a secondary identifier as
/// a component.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn from_raw(row: EntityRow) -> Entity {
Self::from_raw_and_generation(row, EntityGeneration::FIRST)
}
/// This is equivalent to [`from_raw`](Self::from_raw) except that it takes a `u32` instead of an [`EntityRow`].
///
/// Returns `None` if the row is `u32::MAX`.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn from_raw_u32(row: u32) -> Option<Entity> {
match NonMaxU32::new(row) {
Some(row) => Some(Self::from_raw(EntityRow::new(row))),
None => None,
}
}
/// Convert to a form convenient for passing outside of rust.
///
/// Only useful for identifying entities within the same instance of an application. Do not use
/// for serialization between runs.
///
/// No particular structure is guaranteed for the returned bits.
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn to_bits(self) -> u64 {
self.row.to_bits() as u64 | ((self.generation.to_bits() as u64) << 32)
}
/// Reconstruct an `Entity` previously destructured with [`Entity::to_bits`].
///
/// Only useful when applied to results from `to_bits` in the same instance of an application.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This method will likely panic if given `u64` values that did not come from [`Entity::to_bits`].
#[inline]
pub const fn from_bits(bits: u64) -> Self {
if let Some(id) = Self::try_from_bits(bits) {
id
} else {
panic!("Attempted to initialize invalid bits as an entity")
}
}
/// Reconstruct an `Entity` previously destructured with [`Entity::to_bits`].
///
/// Only useful when applied to results from `to_bits` in the same instance of an application.
///
/// This method is the fallible counterpart to [`Entity::from_bits`].
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn try_from_bits(bits: u64) -> Option<Self> {
let raw_row = bits as u32;
let raw_gen = (bits >> 32) as u32;
if let Some(row) = EntityRow::try_from_bits(raw_row) {
Some(Self {
row,
generation: EntityGeneration::from_bits(raw_gen),
})
} else {
None
}
}
/// Return a transiently unique identifier.
/// See also [`EntityRow`].
///
/// No two simultaneously-live entities share the same row, but dead entities' indices may collide
/// with both live and dead entities. Useful for compactly representing entities within a
/// specific snapshot of the world, such as when serializing.
#[inline]
pub const fn row(self) -> EntityRow {
self.row
}
/// Equivalent to `self.row().index()`. See [`Self::row`] for details.
#[inline]
pub const fn index(self) -> u32 {
self.row.index()
}
/// Returns the generation of this Entity's row. The generation is incremented each time an
/// entity with a given row is despawned. This serves as a "count" of the number of times a
/// given row has been reused (row, generation) pairs uniquely identify a given Entity.
#[inline]
pub const fn generation(self) -> EntityGeneration {
self.generation
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
impl Serialize for Entity {
fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
S: serde::Serializer,
{
serializer.serialize_u64(self.to_bits())
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "serialize")]
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Entity {
fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
where
D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
use serde::de::Error;
let id: u64 = Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
Entity::try_from_bits(id)
.ok_or_else(|| D::Error::custom("Attempting to deserialize an invalid entity."))
}
}
/// Outputs the full entity identifier, including the index, generation, and the raw bits.
///
/// This takes the format: `{index}v{generation}#{bits}`.
///
/// For [`Entity::PLACEHOLDER`], this outputs `PLACEHOLDER`.
///
/// # Usage
///
/// Prefer to use this format for debugging and logging purposes. Because the output contains
/// the raw bits, it is easy to check it against serialized scene data.
///
/// Example serialized scene data:
/// ```text
/// (
/// ...
/// entities: {
/// 4294967297: ( <--- Raw Bits
/// components: {
/// ...
/// ),
/// ...
/// )
/// ```
impl fmt::Debug for Entity {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
if self == &Self::PLACEHOLDER {
write!(f, "PLACEHOLDER")
} else {
write!(
f,
"{}v{}#{}",
self.index(),
self.generation(),
self.to_bits()
)
}
}
}
/// Outputs the short entity identifier, including the index and generation.
///
/// This takes the format: `{index}v{generation}`.
///
/// For [`Entity::PLACEHOLDER`], this outputs `PLACEHOLDER`.
impl fmt::Display for Entity {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
if self == &Self::PLACEHOLDER {
write!(f, "PLACEHOLDER")
} else {
write!(f, "{}v{}", self.index(), self.generation())
}
}
}
impl SparseSetIndex for Entity {
#[inline]
fn sparse_set_index(&self) -> usize {
self.row().sparse_set_index()
}
#[inline]
fn get_sparse_set_index(value: usize) -> Self {
Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::get_sparse_set_index(value))
}
}
/// Allocates [`Entity`] ids uniquely.
/// This is used in [`World::construct`](crate::world::World::construct) and [`World::despawn`](crate::world::World::despawn) to track entity ids no longer in use.
/// Allocating is fully concurrent and can be done from multiple threads.
///
/// Conceptually, this is a collection of [`Entity`] ids who's [`EntityRow`] is destructed and who's [`EntityGeneration`] is the most recent.
/// See the module docs for how these ids and this allocator participate in the life cycle of an entity.
#[derive(Default, Debug)]
pub struct EntitiesAllocator {
/// All the entities to reuse.
/// This is a buffer, which contains an array of [`Entity`] ids to hand out.
/// The next id to hand out is tracked by `free_len`.
free: Vec<Entity>,
/// This is continually subtracted from.
/// If it wraps to a very large number, it will be outside the bounds of `free`,
/// and a new row will be needed.
free_len: AtomicU32,
/// This is the next "fresh" row to hand out.
/// If there are no rows to reuse, this row, which has a generation of 0, is the next to return.
next_row: AtomicU32,
}
impl EntitiesAllocator {
/// Restarts the allocator.
pub(crate) fn restart(&mut self) {
self.free.clear();
*self.free_len.get_mut() = 0;
*self.next_row.get_mut() = 0;
}
/// This allows `freed` to be retrieved from [`alloc`](Self::alloc), etc.
/// Freeing an [`Entity`] such that one [`EntityRow`] is in the allocator in multiple places can cause panics when spawning the allocated entity.
/// Additionally, to differentiate versions of an [`Entity`], updating the [`EntityGeneration`] before freeing is a good idea
/// (but not strictly necessary if you don't mind [`Entity`] id aliasing.)
pub(crate) fn free(&mut self, freed: Entity) {
let expected_len = *self.free_len.get_mut() as usize;
if expected_len > self.free.len() {
self.free.clear();
} else {
self.free.truncate(expected_len);
}
self.free.push(freed);
*self.free_len.get_mut() = self.free.len() as u32;
}
pub(crate) fn alloc(&self) -> Entity {
let index = self
.free_len
.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed)
.wrapping_sub(1);
self.free.get(index as usize).copied().unwrap_or_else(|| {
let row = self.next_row.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
let row = NonMaxU32::new(row).expect("too many entities");
Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(row))
})
}
pub(crate) fn alloc_many(&self, count: u32) -> AllocEntitiesIterator<'_> {
let current_len = self
.free_len
.fetch_sub(count, Ordering::Relaxed)
.min(self.free.len() as u32);
let start = current_len.saturating_sub(count);
let reuse = (start as usize)..(current_len as usize);
let still_need = count - reuse.len() as u32;
let new = if still_need > 0 {
let start_new = self.next_row.fetch_add(still_need, Ordering::Relaxed);
let end_new = start_new
.checked_add(still_need)
.expect("too many entities");
start_new..end_new
} else {
0..0
};
AllocEntitiesIterator {
reuse: self.free[reuse].iter(),
new,
}
}
}
/// An [`Iterator`] returning a sequence of [`Entity`] values from [`Entities`].
/// Dropping this will still retain the entities as allocated; this is effectively a leak.
pub struct AllocEntitiesIterator<'a> {
reuse: core::slice::Iter<'a, Entity>,
new: core::ops::Range<u32>,
}
impl<'a> Iterator for AllocEntitiesIterator<'a> {
type Item = Entity;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.reuse.next().copied().or_else(|| {
self.new.next().map(|index| {
// SAFETY: This came from an exclusive range so the max can't be hit.
let row = unsafe { EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new_unchecked(index)) };
Entity::from_raw(row)
})
})
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
let len = self.reuse.len() + self.new.len();
(len, Some(len))
}
}
impl<'a> ExactSizeIterator for AllocEntitiesIterator<'a> {}
impl<'a> core::iter::FusedIterator for AllocEntitiesIterator<'a> {}
// SAFETY: Newly allocated entity values are unique.
unsafe impl EntitySetIterator for AllocEntitiesIterator<'_> {}
/// [`Entities`] tracks all known [`EntityRow`]s and their metadata.
/// This is like a base table of information all entities have.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Entities {
meta: Vec<EntityMeta>,
}
impl Entities {
pub(crate) const fn new() -> Self {
Self { meta: Vec::new() }
}
/// Clears all entity information
pub fn clear(&mut self) {
self.meta.clear();
}
/// Returns the [`EntityLocation`] of an [`Entity`] if it exists and is constructed.
/// This can error if the [`EntityGeneration`] of this id has passed or if the [`EntityRow`] is not constructed.
/// See the module docs for a full explanation of these ids, entity life cycles, and the meaning of this result.
#[inline]
pub fn get_constructed(
&self,
entity: Entity,
) -> Result<EntityLocation, ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError> {
match self.meta.get(entity.index() as usize) {
Some(meta) => {
if meta.generation != entity.generation {
Err(ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::DidNotExist(
EntityDoesNotExistError {
entity,
current_generation: meta.generation,
},
))
} else {
match meta.location {
Some(location) => Ok(location),
None => Err(ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::WasNotConstructed(
EntityNotConstructedError {
entity,
location: meta.spawned_or_despawned.by.map(Some),
},
)),
}
}
}
None => {
if entity.generation() == EntityGeneration::FIRST {
Err(ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::WasNotConstructed(
EntityNotConstructedError {
entity,
location: MaybeLocation::new(None),
},
))
} else {
Err(ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::DidNotExist(
EntityDoesNotExistError {
entity,
current_generation: EntityGeneration::FIRST,
},
))
}
}
}
}
/// Returns the [`EntityIdLocation`] of an [`Entity`] if it exists.
/// This can fail if the id's [`EntityGeneration`] has passed.
/// See the module docs for a full explanation of these ids, entity life cycles, and the meaning of this result.
#[inline]
pub fn get(&self, entity: Entity) -> Result<EntityIdLocation, EntityDoesNotExistError> {
match self.meta.get(entity.index() as usize) {
Some(meta) => {
if meta.generation == entity.generation {
Ok(meta.location)
} else {
Err(EntityDoesNotExistError {
entity,
current_generation: meta.generation,
})
}
}
None => {
if entity.generation() == EntityGeneration::FIRST {
Ok(None)
} else {
Err(EntityDoesNotExistError {
entity,
current_generation: EntityGeneration::FIRST,
})
}
}
}
}
/// Get the [`Entity`] for the given [`EntityRow`].
/// Note that this entity may not be constructed yet.
/// See the module docs for a full explanation of these ids, entity life cycles, and what it means for a row to be constructed or not.
#[inline]
pub fn resolve_from_row(&self, row: EntityRow) -> Entity {
self.meta
.get(row.index() as usize)
.map(|meta| Entity::from_raw_and_generation(row, meta.generation))
.unwrap_or(Entity::from_raw(row))
}
/// Returns whether the entity at this `row` is constructed or not.
/// See the module docs for what it means for a row to be constructed or not.
#[inline]
pub fn is_row_constructed(&self, row: EntityRow) -> bool {
self.meta
.get(row.index() as usize)
.is_some_and(|meta| meta.location.is_some())
}
/// Returns true if the entity exists.
/// This will return true for entities that exist but have not been constructed.
/// See the module docs for a more precise explanation of which entities exist and what construction means.
pub fn contains(&self, entity: Entity) -> bool {
self.resolve_from_row(entity.row()).generation() == entity.generation()
}
/// Returns true if the entity exists and are constructed.
/// See the module docs for a more precise explanation of which entities exist and what construction means.
pub fn contains_constructed(&self, entity: Entity) -> bool {
self.get_constructed(entity).is_ok()
}
/// Provides information regarding if `entity` may be safely constructed.
/// This can error if the entity does not exist or if it is already constructed.
/// See the module docs for a more precise explanation of which entities exist and what construction means.
#[inline]
pub fn check_can_construct_entity(&self, entity: Entity) -> Result<(), ConstructionError> {
match self.get(entity) {
Ok(Some(_)) => Err(ConstructionError::AlreadyConstructed),
Ok(None) => Ok(()),
Err(err) => Err(ConstructionError::InvalidId(err)),
}
}
/// Updates the location of an [`EntityRow`].
/// This must be called when moving the components of the existing entity around in storage.
/// Returns the previous location of the row.
///
/// # Safety
/// - The current location of the `row` must already be set. If not, use [`declare`](Self::declare).
/// - `location` must be valid for the entity at `row` or immediately made valid afterwards
/// before handing control to unknown code.
#[inline]
pub(crate) unsafe fn update(
&mut self,
row: EntityRow,
location: EntityIdLocation,
) -> EntityIdLocation {
// SAFETY: Caller guarantees that `row` already had a location, so `declare` must have made the index valid already.
let meta = unsafe { self.meta.get_unchecked_mut(row.index() as usize) };
mem::replace(&mut meta.location, location)
}
/// Declares the location of an [`EntityRow`].
/// This must be called when constructing/spawning entities.
/// Returns the previous location of the row.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `location` must be valid for the entity at `row` or immediately made valid afterwards
/// before handing control to unknown code.
#[inline]
pub(crate) unsafe fn declare(
&mut self,
row: EntityRow,
location: EntityIdLocation,
) -> EntityIdLocation {
self.ensure_row_index_is_valid(row);
// SAFETY: We just did `ensure_row`
self.update(row, location)
}
/// Ensures the row is within the bounds of [`Self::meta`], expanding it if necessary.
#[inline]
fn ensure_row_index_is_valid(&mut self, row: EntityRow) {
#[cold] // to help with branch prediction
fn expand(meta: &mut Vec<EntityMeta>, len: usize) {
meta.resize(len, EntityMeta::FRESH);
// Set these up too while we're here.
meta.resize(meta.capacity(), EntityMeta::FRESH);
}
let index = row.index() as usize;
if self.meta.len() <= index {
// TODO: hint unlikely once stable.
expand(&mut self.meta, index + 1);
}
}
/// Marks the `row` as free, returning the [`Entity`] to reuse that [`EntityRow`].
///
/// # Safety
///
/// - `row` must be destructed (have no location) already.
pub(crate) unsafe fn mark_free(&mut self, row: EntityRow, generations: u32) -> Entity {
// We need to do this in case an entity is being freed that was never constructed.
self.ensure_row_index_is_valid(row);
// SAFETY: We just did `ensure_row`
let meta = unsafe { self.meta.get_unchecked_mut(row.index() as usize) };
let (new_generation, aliased) = meta.generation.after_versions_and_could_alias(generations);
meta.generation = new_generation;
if aliased {
warn!("EntityRow({row}) generation wrapped on Entities::free, aliasing may occur",);
}
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(row, meta.generation)
}
/// Mark an [`EntityRow`] as constructed or destructed in the given tick.
///
/// # Safety
/// - `row` must have been constructed at least once, ensuring its row is valid.
#[inline]
pub(crate) unsafe fn mark_construct_or_destruct(
&mut self,
row: EntityRow,
by: MaybeLocation,
at: Tick,
) {
// SAFETY: Caller guarantees that `row` already had a location, so `declare` must have made the index valid already.
let meta = unsafe { self.meta.get_unchecked_mut(row.index() as usize) };
meta.spawned_or_despawned = SpawnedOrDespawned { by, at };
}
/// Try to get the source code location from which this entity has last been constructed or destructed.
///
/// Returns `None` if the entity does not exist or has never been construced/destructed.
pub fn entity_get_spawned_or_despawned_by(
&self,
entity: Entity,
) -> MaybeLocation<Option<&'static Location<'static>>> {
MaybeLocation::new_with_flattened(|| {
self.entity_get_spawned_or_despawned(entity)
.map(|spawned_or_despawned| spawned_or_despawned.by)
})
}
/// Try to get the [`Tick`] at which this entity has last been constructed or destructed.
///
/// Returns `None` if the entity does not exist or has never been construced/destructed.
pub fn entity_get_spawned_or_despawned_at(&self, entity: Entity) -> Option<Tick> {
self.entity_get_spawned_or_despawned(entity)
.map(|spawned_or_despawned| spawned_or_despawned.at)
}
/// Try to get the [`SpawnedOrDespawned`] related to the entity's last construction or destruction.
///
/// Returns `None` if the entity does not exist or has never been construced/destructed.
#[inline]
fn entity_get_spawned_or_despawned(&self, entity: Entity) -> Option<SpawnedOrDespawned> {
self.meta
.get(entity.index() as usize)
.filter(|meta|
// Generation is incremented immediately upon despawn
(meta.generation == entity.generation)
|| (meta.location.is_none() && meta.generation == entity.generation.after_versions(1)))
.map(|meta| meta.spawned_or_despawned)
}
/// Returns the source code location from which this entity has last been spawned
/// or despawned and the Tick of when that happened.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// The entity index must belong to an entity that is currently alive or, if it
/// despawned, was not overwritten by a new entity of the same index.
#[inline]
pub(crate) unsafe fn entity_get_spawned_or_despawned_unchecked(
&self,
entity: Entity,
) -> (MaybeLocation, Tick) {
// SAFETY: caller ensures entity is allocated
let meta = unsafe { self.meta.get_unchecked(entity.index() as usize) };
(meta.spawned_or_despawned.by, meta.spawned_or_despawned.at)
}
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn check_change_ticks(&mut self, check: CheckChangeTicks) {
for meta in &mut self.meta {
meta.spawned_or_despawned.at.check_tick(check);
}
}
/// The count of currently allocated entity rows.
/// For information on active entities, see [`Self::count_constructed`].
#[inline]
pub fn len(&self) -> u32 {
self.meta.len() as u32
}
/// Checks if any entity has been declared.
/// For information on active entities, see [`Self::any_constructed`].
#[inline]
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.len() == 0
}
/// Counts the number of entity rows currently constructed.
/// See the module docs for a more precise explanation of what construction means.
pub fn count_constructed(&self) -> u32 {
self.meta
.iter()
.filter(|meta| meta.location.is_some())
.count() as u32
}
/// Returns true if there are any entity rows currently constructed.
/// See the module docs for a more precise explanation of what construction means.
pub fn any_constructed(&self) -> bool {
self.meta.iter().any(|meta| meta.location.is_some())
}
}
/// An error that occurs when a specified [`Entity`] can not be constructed.
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ConstructionError {
/// The [`Entity`] to construct was invalid.
/// It probably had the wrong generation or was created erroneously.
#[error("Invalid id: {0}")]
InvalidId(EntityDoesNotExistError),
/// The [`Entity`] to construct was already constructed.
#[error("The entity can not be constructed as it already has a location.")]
AlreadyConstructed,
}
/// An error that occurs when a specified [`Entity`] does not exist.
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[error(
"The entity with ID {entity} does not exist; its row now has generation {current_generation}."
)]
pub struct EntityDoesNotExistError {
/// The entity's ID.
pub entity: Entity,
/// The generation of the [`EntityRow`], which did not match the requested entity.
pub current_generation: EntityGeneration,
}
/// An error that occurs when a specified [`Entity`] exists but was not constructed when it was expected to be.
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct EntityNotConstructedError {
/// The entity's ID.
pub entity: Entity,
/// The location of what last destructed the entity.
pub location: MaybeLocation<Option<&'static Location<'static>>>,
}
impl fmt::Display for EntityNotConstructedError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let entity = self.entity;
match self.location.into_option() {
Some(Some(location)) => write!(f, "The entity with ID {entity} is not constructed; its row was last destructed by {location}."),
Some(None) => write!(
f,
"The entity with ID {entity} is not constructed; its row has never been constructed."
),
None => write!(
f,
"The entity with ID {entity} is not constructed; enable `track_location` feature for more details."
),
}
}
}
/// Represents an error of either [`EntityDoesNotExistError`] or [`EntityNotConstructedError`].
#[derive(thiserror::Error, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError {
/// The entity did not exist.
#[error("{0}")]
DidNotExist(#[from] EntityDoesNotExistError),
/// The entity did exist but was not constructed.
#[error("{0}")]
WasNotConstructed(#[from] EntityNotConstructedError),
}
impl ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError {
/// The entity that did not exist or was not constructed.
pub fn entity(&self) -> Entity {
match self {
ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::DidNotExist(entity_does_not_exist_error) => {
entity_does_not_exist_error.entity
}
ConstructedEntityDoesNotExistError::WasNotConstructed(entity_not_constructed_error) => {
entity_not_constructed_error.entity
}
}
}
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
struct EntityMeta {
/// The current [`EntityGeneration`] of the [`EntityRow`].
generation: EntityGeneration,
/// The current location of the [`EntityRow`].
location: EntityIdLocation,
/// Location and tick of the last construct/destruct
spawned_or_despawned: SpawnedOrDespawned,
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
struct SpawnedOrDespawned {
by: MaybeLocation,
at: Tick,
}
impl EntityMeta {
/// The metadata for a fresh entity: Never constructed/destructed, no location, etc.
const FRESH: EntityMeta = EntityMeta {
generation: EntityGeneration::FIRST,
location: None,
spawned_or_despawned: SpawnedOrDespawned {
by: MaybeLocation::caller(),
at: Tick::new(0),
},
};
}
/// A location of an entity in an archetype.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct EntityLocation {
/// The ID of the [`Archetype`] the [`Entity`] belongs to.
///
/// [`Archetype`]: crate::archetype::Archetype
pub archetype_id: ArchetypeId,
/// The index of the [`Entity`] within its [`Archetype`].
///
/// [`Archetype`]: crate::archetype::Archetype
pub archetype_row: ArchetypeRow,
/// The ID of the [`Table`] the [`Entity`] belongs to.
///
/// [`Table`]: crate::storage::Table
pub table_id: TableId,
/// The index of the [`Entity`] within its [`Table`].
///
/// [`Table`]: crate::storage::Table
pub table_row: TableRow,
}
/// An [`Entity`] id may or may not correspond to an entity; the entity may have been despawned, etc.
/// If it does correspond to an entity, that entity may or may not have a location.
/// If it has no location, the [`EntityLocation`] will be `None`.
/// An location of `None` means the entity effectively does not exist; it has an id, but is not participating in the ECS.
/// This is different from a location in the empty archetype, which is participating (queryable, etc) but just happens to have no components.
/// For more information about what a `None` location means, see the module [docs](crate::entity).
///
/// Setting a location to `None` is often helpful when you want to destruct an entity or yank it from the ECS without allowing another system to reuse the id for something else.
/// It is also useful for reserving an id; commands will often allocate an `Entity` but not provide it a location until the command is applied.
pub type EntityIdLocation = Option<EntityLocation>;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use alloc::format;
#[test]
fn entity_niche_optimization() {
assert_eq!(size_of::<Entity>(), size_of::<Option<Entity>>());
}
#[test]
fn entity_bits_roundtrip() {
let r = EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(0xDEADBEEF).unwrap());
assert_eq!(EntityRow::from_bits(r.to_bits()), r);
// Generation cannot be greater than 0x7FFF_FFFF else it will be an invalid Entity id
let e = Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(0xDEADBEEF).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(0x5AADF00D),
);
assert_eq!(Entity::from_bits(e.to_bits()), e);
}
#[test]
fn entity_const() {
const C1: Entity = Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(42).unwrap()));
assert_eq!(42, C1.index());
assert_eq!(0, C1.generation().to_bits());
const C2: Entity = Entity::from_bits(0x0000_00ff_0000_00cc);
assert_eq!(!0x0000_00cc, C2.index());
assert_eq!(0x0000_00ff, C2.generation().to_bits());
const C3: u32 = Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(33).unwrap())).index();
assert_eq!(33, C3);
const C4: u32 = Entity::from_bits(0x00dd_00ff_1111_1111)
.generation()
.to_bits();
assert_eq!(0x00dd_00ff, C4);
}
#[test]
#[expect(
clippy::nonminimal_bool,
reason = "This intentionally tests all possible comparison operators as separate functions; thus, we don't want to rewrite these comparisons to use different operators."
)]
fn entity_comparison() {
assert_eq!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
),
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
)
);
assert_ne!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(789)
),
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
)
);
assert_ne!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
),
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(789)
)
);
assert_ne!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
),
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(456).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(123)
)
);
// ordering is by generation then by index
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
) >= Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
) <= Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
)
);
assert!(
!(Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
) < Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
))
);
assert!(
!(Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
) > Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(123).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(456)
))
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(9).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
) < Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(9)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(9)
) > Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(9).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
) > Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(2).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
) >= Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(2).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(1)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(2).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(2)
) < Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(2)
)
);
assert!(
Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(2).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(2)
) <= Entity::from_raw_and_generation(
EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(1).unwrap()),
EntityGeneration::from_bits(2)
)
);
}
// Feel free to change this test if needed, but it seemed like an important
// part of the best-case performance changes in PR#9903.
#[test]
fn entity_hash_keeps_similar_ids_together() {
use core::hash::BuildHasher;
let hash = EntityHash;
let first_id = 0xC0FFEE << 8;
let first_hash = hash.hash_one(Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(
NonMaxU32::new(first_id).unwrap(),
)));
for i in 1..=255 {
let id = first_id + i;
let hash = hash.hash_one(Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(
NonMaxU32::new(id).unwrap(),
)));
assert_eq!(first_hash.wrapping_sub(hash) as u32, i);
}
}
#[test]
fn entity_hash_id_bitflip_affects_high_7_bits() {
use core::hash::BuildHasher;
let hash = EntityHash;
let first_id = 0xC0FFEE;
let first_hash = hash.hash_one(Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(
NonMaxU32::new(first_id).unwrap(),
))) >> 57;
for bit in 0..u32::BITS {
let id = first_id ^ (1 << bit);
let hash = hash.hash_one(Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(
NonMaxU32::new(id).unwrap(),
))) >> 57;
assert_ne!(hash, first_hash);
}
}
#[test]
fn entity_generation_is_approximately_ordered() {
use core::cmp::Ordering;
let old = EntityGeneration::FIRST;
let middle = old.after_versions(1);
let younger_before_ord_wrap = middle.after_versions(EntityGeneration::DIFF_MAX);
let younger_after_ord_wrap = younger_before_ord_wrap.after_versions(1);
assert_eq!(middle.cmp_approx(&old), Ordering::Greater);
assert_eq!(middle.cmp_approx(&middle), Ordering::Equal);
assert_eq!(middle.cmp_approx(&younger_before_ord_wrap), Ordering::Less);
assert_eq!(
middle.cmp_approx(&younger_after_ord_wrap),
Ordering::Greater
);
}
#[test]
fn entity_debug() {
let entity = Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(42).unwrap()));
let string = format!("{entity:?}");
assert_eq!(string, "42v0#4294967253");
let entity = Entity::PLACEHOLDER;
let string = format!("{entity:?}");
assert_eq!(string, "PLACEHOLDER");
}
#[test]
fn entity_display() {
let entity = Entity::from_raw(EntityRow::new(NonMaxU32::new(42).unwrap()));
let string = format!("{entity}");
assert_eq!(string, "42v0");
let entity = Entity::PLACEHOLDER;
let string = format!("{entity}");
assert_eq!(string, "PLACEHOLDER");
}
}