bevy/crates/bevy_ecs/src/system/adapter_system.rs
James O'Brien eb3c81374a
Generalised ECS reactivity with Observers (#10839)
# Objective

- Provide an expressive way to register dynamic behavior in response to
ECS changes that is consistent with existing bevy types and traits as to
provide a smooth user experience.
- Provide a mechanism for immediate changes in response to events during
command application in order to facilitate improved query caching on the
path to relations.

## Solution

- A new fundamental ECS construct, the `Observer`; inspired by flec's
observers but adapted to better fit bevy's access patterns and rust's
type system.

---

## Examples
There are 3 main ways to register observers. The first is a "component
observer" that looks like this:
```rust
world.observe(|trigger: Trigger<OnAdd, Transform>, query: Query<&Transform>| {
    let transform = query.get(trigger.entity()).unwrap();
});
```
The above code will spawn a new entity representing the observer that
will run it's callback whenever the `Transform` component is added to an
entity. This is a system-like function that supports dependency
injection for all the standard bevy types: `Query`, `Res`, `Commands`
etc. It also has a `Trigger` parameter that provides information about
the trigger such as the target entity, and the event being triggered.
Importantly these systems run during command application which is key
for their future use to keep ECS internals up to date. There are similar
events for `OnInsert` and `OnRemove`, and this will be expanded with
things such as `ArchetypeCreated`, `TableEmpty` etc. in follow up PRs.

Another way to register an observer is an "entity observer" that looks
like this:
```rust
world.entity_mut(entity).observe(|trigger: Trigger<Resize>| {
    // ...
});
```
Entity observers run whenever an event of their type is triggered
targeting that specific entity. This type of observer will de-spawn
itself if the entity (or entities) it is observing is ever de-spawned so
as to not leave dangling observers.

Entity observers can also be spawned from deferred contexts such as
other observers, systems, or hooks using commands:
```rust
commands.entity(entity).observe(|trigger: Trigger<Resize>| {
    // ...
});
```

Observers are not limited to in built event types, they can be used with
any type that implements `Event` (which has been extended to implement
Component). This means events can also carry data:

```rust
#[derive(Event)]
struct Resize { x: u32, y: u32 }

commands.entity(entity).observe(|trigger: Trigger<Resize>, query: Query<&mut Size>| {
    let event = trigger.event();
    // ...
});

// Will trigger the observer when commands are applied.
commands.trigger_targets(Resize { x: 10, y: 10 }, entity);
```

You can also trigger events that target more than one entity at a time:

```rust
commands.trigger_targets(Resize { x: 10, y: 10 }, [e1, e2]);
```

Additionally, Observers don't _need_ entity targets:

```rust
app.observe(|trigger: Trigger<Quit>| {
})

commands.trigger(Quit);
```

In these cases, `trigger.entity()` will be a placeholder.

Observers are actually just normal entities with an `ObserverState` and
`Observer` component! The `observe()` functions above are just shorthand
for:

```rust
world.spawn(Observer::new(|trigger: Trigger<Resize>| {});
```

This will spawn the `Observer` system and use an `on_add` hook to add
the `ObserverState` component.

Dynamic components and trigger types are also fully supported allowing
for runtime defined trigger types.

## Possible Follow-ups
1. Deprecate `RemovedComponents`, observers should fulfill all use cases
while being more flexible and performant.
2. Queries as entities: Swap queries to entities and begin using
observers listening to archetype creation triggers to keep their caches
in sync, this allows unification of `ObserverState` and `QueryState` as
well as unlocking several API improvements for `Query` and the
management of `QueryState`.
3. Trigger bubbling: For some UI use cases in particular users are
likely to want some form of bubbling for entity observers, this is
trivial to implement naively but ideally this includes an acceleration
structure to cache hierarchy traversals.
4. All kinds of other in-built trigger types.
5. Optimization; in order to not bloat the complexity of the PR I have
kept the implementation straightforward, there are several areas where
performance can be improved. The focus for this PR is to get the
behavior implemented and not incur a performance cost for users who
don't use observers.

I am leaving each of these to follow up PR's in order to keep each of
them reviewable as this already includes significant changes.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: MiniaczQ <xnetroidpl@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Carter Anderson <mcanders1@gmail.com>
2024-06-15 01:33:26 +00:00

181 lines
4.9 KiB
Rust

use std::borrow::Cow;
use super::{ReadOnlySystem, System};
use crate::{schedule::InternedSystemSet, world::unsafe_world_cell::UnsafeWorldCell};
/// Customizes the behavior of an [`AdapterSystem`]
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
/// use bevy_ecs::system::{Adapt, AdapterSystem};
///
/// // A system adapter that inverts the result of a system.
/// // NOTE: Instead of manually implementing this, you can just use `bevy_ecs::schedule::common_conditions::not`.
/// pub type NotSystem<S> = AdapterSystem<NotMarker, S>;
///
/// // This struct is used to customize the behavior of our adapter.
/// pub struct NotMarker;
///
/// impl<S> Adapt<S> for NotMarker
/// where
/// S: System,
/// S::Out: std::ops::Not,
/// {
/// type In = S::In;
/// type Out = <S::Out as std::ops::Not>::Output;
///
/// fn adapt(
/// &mut self,
/// input: Self::In,
/// run_system: impl FnOnce(S::In) -> S::Out,
/// ) -> Self::Out {
/// !run_system(input)
/// }
/// }
/// # let mut world = World::new();
/// # let mut system = NotSystem::new(NotMarker, IntoSystem::into_system(|| false), "".into());
/// # system.initialize(&mut world);
/// # assert!(system.run((), &mut world));
/// ```
#[diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
message = "`{Self}` can not adapt a system of type `{S}`",
label = "invalid system adapter"
)]
pub trait Adapt<S: System>: Send + Sync + 'static {
/// The [input](System::In) type for an [`AdapterSystem`].
type In;
/// The [output](System::Out) type for an [`AdapterSystem`].
type Out;
/// When used in an [`AdapterSystem`], this function customizes how the system
/// is run and how its inputs/outputs are adapted.
fn adapt(&mut self, input: Self::In, run_system: impl FnOnce(S::In) -> S::Out) -> Self::Out;
}
/// A [`System`] that takes the output of `S` and transforms it by applying `Func` to it.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct AdapterSystem<Func, S> {
func: Func,
system: S,
name: Cow<'static, str>,
}
impl<Func, S> AdapterSystem<Func, S>
where
Func: Adapt<S>,
S: System,
{
/// Creates a new [`System`] that uses `func` to adapt `system`, via the [`Adapt`] trait.
pub const fn new(func: Func, system: S, name: Cow<'static, str>) -> Self {
Self { func, system, name }
}
}
impl<Func, S> System for AdapterSystem<Func, S>
where
Func: Adapt<S>,
S: System,
{
type In = Func::In;
type Out = Func::Out;
fn name(&self) -> Cow<'static, str> {
self.name.clone()
}
fn component_access(&self) -> &crate::query::Access<crate::component::ComponentId> {
self.system.component_access()
}
#[inline]
fn archetype_component_access(
&self,
) -> &crate::query::Access<crate::archetype::ArchetypeComponentId> {
self.system.archetype_component_access()
}
fn is_send(&self) -> bool {
self.system.is_send()
}
fn is_exclusive(&self) -> bool {
self.system.is_exclusive()
}
fn has_deferred(&self) -> bool {
self.system.has_deferred()
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn run_unsafe(&mut self, input: Self::In, world: UnsafeWorldCell) -> Self::Out {
// SAFETY: `system.run_unsafe` has the same invariants as `self.run_unsafe`.
self.func.adapt(input, |input| unsafe {
self.system.run_unsafe(input, world)
})
}
#[inline]
fn run(&mut self, input: Self::In, world: &mut crate::prelude::World) -> Self::Out {
self.func
.adapt(input, |input| self.system.run(input, world))
}
#[inline]
fn apply_deferred(&mut self, world: &mut crate::prelude::World) {
self.system.apply_deferred(world);
}
#[inline]
fn queue_deferred(&mut self, world: crate::world::DeferredWorld) {
self.system.queue_deferred(world);
}
fn initialize(&mut self, world: &mut crate::prelude::World) {
self.system.initialize(world);
}
#[inline]
fn update_archetype_component_access(&mut self, world: UnsafeWorldCell) {
self.system.update_archetype_component_access(world);
}
fn check_change_tick(&mut self, change_tick: crate::component::Tick) {
self.system.check_change_tick(change_tick);
}
fn default_system_sets(&self) -> Vec<InternedSystemSet> {
self.system.default_system_sets()
}
fn get_last_run(&self) -> crate::component::Tick {
self.system.get_last_run()
}
fn set_last_run(&mut self, last_run: crate::component::Tick) {
self.system.set_last_run(last_run);
}
}
// SAFETY: The inner system is read-only.
unsafe impl<Func, S> ReadOnlySystem for AdapterSystem<Func, S>
where
Func: Adapt<S>,
S: ReadOnlySystem,
{
}
impl<F, S, Out> Adapt<S> for F
where
S: System,
F: Send + Sync + 'static + FnMut(S::Out) -> Out,
{
type In = S::In;
type Out = Out;
fn adapt(&mut self, input: S::In, run_system: impl FnOnce(S::In) -> S::Out) -> Out {
self(run_system(input))
}
}