# Objective
- Related to #19024.
## Solution
- This is a mix of several ways to get rid of weak handles. The primary
strategy is putting strong asset handles in resources that the rendering
code clones into its pipelines (or whatever).
- This does not handle every remaining case, but we are slowly clearing
them out.
## Testing
- `anti_aliasing` example still works.
- `fog_volumes` example still works.
# Objective
- nice bevy::camera bevy::mesh bevy::light imports
- skip bevy_light in 2d
## Solution
- add optional crates to internal
- make light only included when building pbr
## Testing
- 3d_scene
# Objective
- make lights usable without bevy_render
## Solution
- make a new crate for lights to live in
## Testing
- 3d_scene, lighting, volumetric_fog, ssr, transmission, pcss,
light_textures
Note: no breaking changes because of re-exports, except for light
textures, which were introduced this cycle so it doesn't matter anyways
# Objective
- Calculating gradients in variable-termination loop is bad, and we dont
need to here
## Solution
- Sample mip 0 always
## Testing
- volumetric_fog example
# Objective
- prepare bevy_light for split
- make struct named better
- put it where it belongs
## Solution
- do those things
## Testing
- 3d_scene, lighting
---------
Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>
# Objective
- prepare bevy_light for split
## Solution
- split render world extract related cluster code from main world ecs
stuff
re-exports make this not breaking
# Objective
- for smallvec some crates specify default features false, other dont.
turns out we dont need them
## Solution
- remove
## Testing
- 3d_scene
# Objective
- prepare bevy_light for split
## Solution
- extract cascade module (this is not strictly necessary for bevy_light)
- clean up imports to be less globby and tangled
- move light specific stuff into light modules
- move light system and type init from pbr into new LightPlugin
## Testing
- 3d_scene, lighting
NOTE TO REVIEWERS: it may help to review commits independently.
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible by making it possible to split out
clusterable into bevy_camera
## Solution
- move ClusteredDecal to cluster module
- Depends on #19957 (because of the imports shuffling around) (draft
until thats merged)
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
Note: no breaking changes thanks to re-exports
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible
## Solution
- Move non-light stuff out of light module (its a marker for whether a
material should cast shadows: thats a material property not a light
property)
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible
## Solution
- Move some stuff it needs out of somewhere it cant depend on. Plus it
makes sense, cubemap stuff goes next to cubemap stuff.
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
Note: no breaking changes thanks to re-exports
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible by making it possible to split out
clusterable into bevy_camera
## Solution
- Move some stuff so i can split it out cleanly.
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible by making it possible to split out
clusterable into bevy_camera
## Solution
- Move cubemap stuff next to cubemap stuff.
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
Note: no breaking changes thanks to re-exports
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible
## Solution
- Move some stuff it needs out of somewhere it cant depend on. Plus it
makes sense, spotlight stuff goes in spotlight file.
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
Note: no breaking changes thanks to re-exports
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible by making it possible to split out
clusterable into bevy_camera
## Solution
- Use a resource to store cluster settings instead of recalculating it
every time from the render adapter/device
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
# Objective
- Make bevy_light possible
## Solution
- Move some stuff it needs out of somewhere it cant depend on. Plus it
makes sense, visibility stuff goes in visibility.
## Testing
- 3d_scene runs
Note: no breaking changes thanks to re-exports
# Objective
for `BufferUsages::STORAGE` on webgpu (and maybe other contexts), buffer
sizes must be a multiple of 4. the skin uniform buffer starts at 16384
then increases by 1.5x, which eventually hits a number which isn't
## Solution
`.next_multiple_of(4)`
A few versions ago, wgpu made it possible to set shader entry point to
`None`, which will select the correct entry point in file where only a
single entrypoint is specified. This makes it possible to implement
`Default` for pipeline descriptors. This PR does so and attempts to
`..default()` everything possible.
# Objective
- This unblocks some work I am doing for #19887.
## Solution
- Rename `RenderGraphApp` to `RenderGraphExt`.
- Implement `RenderGraphExt` for `World`.
- Change `SubApp` and `App` to call the `World` impl.
# Objective
- Progress towards #19024.
## Solution
- Remove `Handle::Weak`!
If users were relying on `Handle::Weak` for some purpose, they can
almost certainly replace it with raw `AssetId` instead. If they cannot,
they can make their own enum that holds either a Handle or an AssetId.
In either case, we don't need weak handles!
Sadly we still need Uuid handles since we rely on them for "default"
assets and "invalid" assets, as well as anywhere where a component wants
to impl default with a non-defaulted asset handle. One step at a time
though!
# Objective
- PrepassPipelineInternal used to exist to optimize compile time and
binary size when PrepassPipeline was generic over the material.
- After #19667, PrepassPipeline is no longer generic!
## Solution
- Flatten all the fields of `PrepassPipelineInternal` into
`PrepassPipeline`.
Previously, the specialize/queue systems were added per-material and the
plugin prepass/shadow enable flags controlled whether we added those
systems. Now, we make this a property of the material instance and check
for it when specializing. Fixes
https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/19850.
# Objective
- This plugin currently does nothing. That's because we add the plugin
to the `RenderApp`. Inside the plugin it then looks for the `RenderApp`
itself, but since it was added **to** the `RenderApp`, it will never
find the `RenderApp`.
## Solution
- Move the plugin into build, and more importantly, add it to the app
not the render_app.
# Objective
- The MaterialPlugin has some ugly code to initialize some data in the
render world
- #19887
## Solution
- Use the new RenderStartup schedule to use a system instead of using
the plugin `finish()`
## Testing
- Tested that the 3d_scene and shader_material example still work as
expected
# Objective
add support for light textures (also known as light cookies, light
functions, and light projectors)

## Solution
- add components:
```rs
/// Add to a [`PointLight`] to add a light texture effect.
/// A texture mask is applied to the light source to modulate its intensity,
/// simulating patterns like window shadows, gobo/cookie effects, or soft falloffs.
pub struct PointLightTexture {
/// The texture image. Only the R channel is read.
pub image: Handle<Image>,
/// The cubemap layout. The image should be a packed cubemap in one of the formats described by the [`CubemapLayout`] enum.
pub cubemap_layout: CubemapLayout,
}
/// Add to a [`SpotLight`] to add a light texture effect.
/// A texture mask is applied to the light source to modulate its intensity,
/// simulating patterns like window shadows, gobo/cookie effects, or soft falloffs.
pub struct SpotLightTexture {
/// The texture image. Only the R channel is read.
/// Note the border of the image should be entirely black to avoid leaking light.
pub image: Handle<Image>,
}
/// Add to a [`DirectionalLight`] to add a light texture effect.
/// A texture mask is applied to the light source to modulate its intensity,
/// simulating patterns like window shadows, gobo/cookie effects, or soft falloffs.
pub struct DirectionalLightTexture {
/// The texture image. Only the R channel is read.
pub image: Handle<Image>,
/// Whether to tile the image infinitely, or use only a single tile centered at the light's translation
pub tiled: bool,
}
```
- store images to the `RenderClusteredDecals` buffer
- read the image and modulate the lights
- add `light_textures` example to showcase the new features
## Testing
see light_textures example
# Objective
- MaterialProperties uses HashMap for some data that is generally going
to be really small. This is likely using more memory than necessary
## Solution
- Use a SmallVec instead
- I used the size a StandardMaterial would need for all the backing
arrays
## Testing
- Tested the 3d_scene to confirm it still works
## Notes
I'm not sure if it made a measurable difference since I'm not sure how
to measure this. It's a bit hard to create an artificial workflow where
this would be the main bottleneck. This is very in the realm of
microoptimization.
# Objective
Closes#18075
In order to enable a number of patterns for dynamic materials in the
engine, it's necessary to decouple the renderer from the `Material`
trait.
This opens the possibility for:
- Materials that aren't coupled to `AsBindGroup`.
- 2d using the underlying 3d bindless infrastructure.
- Dynamic materials that can change their layout at runtime.
- Materials that aren't even backed by a Rust struct at all.
## Solution
In short, remove all trait bounds from render world material systems and
resources. This means moving a bunch of stuff onto `MaterialProperties`
and engaging in some hacks to make specialization work. Rather than
storing the bind group data in `MaterialBindGroupAllocator`, right now
we're storing it in a closure on `MaterialProperties`. TBD if this has
bad performance characteristics.
## Benchmarks
- `many_cubes`:
`cargo run --example many_cubes --release --features=bevy/trace_tracy --
--vary-material-data-per-instance`:

- @DGriffin91's Caldera
`cargo run --release --features=bevy/trace_tracy -- --random-materials`

- @DGriffin91's Caldera with 20 unique material types (i.e.
`MaterialPlugin<M>`) and random materials per mesh
`cargo run --release --features=bevy/trace_tracy -- --random-materials`

### TODO
- We almost certainly lost some parallelization from removing the type
params that could be gained back from smarter iteration.
- Test all the things that could have broken.
- ~Fix meshlets~
## Showcase
See [the
example](https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/pull/19667/files#diff-9d768cfe1c3aa81eff365d250d3cbe5a63e8df63e81dd85f64c3c3cd993f6d94)
for a custom material implemented without the use of the `Material`
trait and thus `AsBindGroup`.

---------
Co-authored-by: IceSentry <IceSentry@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: IceSentry <c.giguere42@gmail.com>
# Objective
- i think const exprs werent supported in naga when these were written,
and we've just stuck with that since then. they're supported now so lets
use them
## Solution
- do that thang
## Testing
- transparency_3d, transmission, ssr, 3d_scene, couple others. they all
look fine
# Objective
Upgrade to `wgpu` version `25.0`.
Depends on https://github.com/bevyengine/naga_oil/pull/121
## Solution
### Problem
The biggest issue we face upgrading is the following requirement:
> To facilitate this change, there was an additional validation rule put
in place: if there is a binding array in a bind group, you may not use
dynamic offset buffers or uniform buffers in that bind group. This
requirement comes from vulkan rules on UpdateAfterBind descriptors.
This is a major difficulty for us, as there are a number of binding
arrays that are used in the view bind group. Note, this requirement does
not affect merely uniform buffors that use dynamic offset but the use of
*any* uniform in a bind group that also has a binding array.
### Attempted fixes
The easiest fix would be to change uniforms to be storage buffers
whenever binding arrays are in use:
```wgsl
#ifdef BINDING_ARRAYS_ARE_USED
@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> view: View;
@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> lights: types::Lights;
#else
@group(0) @binding(0) var<storage> view: array<View>;
@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage> lights: array<types::Lights>;
#endif
```
This requires passing the view index to the shader so that we know where
to index into the buffer:
```wgsl
struct PushConstants {
view_index: u32,
}
var<push_constant> push_constants: PushConstants;
```
Using push constants is no problem because binding arrays are only
usable on native anyway.
However, this greatly complicates the ability to access `view` in
shaders. For example:
```wgsl
#ifdef BINDING_ARRAYS_ARE_USED
mesh_view_bindings::view.view_from_world[0].z
#else
mesh_view_bindings::view[mesh_view_bindings::view_index].view_from_world[0].z
#endif
```
Using this approach would work but would have the effect of polluting
our shaders with ifdef spam basically *everywhere*.
Why not use a function? Unfortunately, the following is not valid wgsl
as it returns a binding directly from a function in the uniform path.
```wgsl
fn get_view() -> View {
#if BINDING_ARRAYS_ARE_USED
let view_index = push_constants.view_index;
let view = views[view_index];
#endif
return view;
}
```
This also poses problems for things like lights where we want to return
a ptr to the light data. Returning ptrs from wgsl functions isn't
allowed even if both bindings were buffers.
The next attempt was to simply use indexed buffers everywhere, in both
the binding array and non binding array path. This would be viable if
push constants were available everywhere to pass the view index, but
unfortunately they are not available on webgpu. This means either
passing the view index in a storage buffer (not ideal for such a small
amount of state) or using push constants sometimes and uniform buffers
only on webgpu. However, this kind of conditional layout infects
absolutely everything.
Even if we were to accept just using storage buffer for the view index,
there's also the additional problem that some dynamic offsets aren't
actually per-view but per-use of a setting on a camera, which would
require passing that uniform data on *every* camera regardless of
whether that rendering feature is being used, which is also gross.
As such, although it's gross, the simplest solution just to bump binding
arrays into `@group(1)` and all other bindings up one bind group. This
should still bring us under the device limit of 4 for most users.
### Next steps / looking towards the future
I'd like to avoid needing split our view bind group into multiple parts.
In the future, if `wgpu` were to add `@builtin(draw_index)`, we could
build a list of draw state in gpu processing and avoid the need for any
kind of state change at all (see
https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu/issues/6823). This would also provide
significantly more flexibility to handle things like offsets into other
arrays that may not be per-view.
### Testing
Tested a number of examples, there are probably more that are still
broken.
---------
Co-authored-by: François Mockers <mockersf@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Elabajaba <Elabajaba@users.noreply.github.com>
Updates the requirements on
[derive_more](https://github.com/JelteF/derive_more) to permit the
latest version.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/JelteF/derive_more/releases">derive_more's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>2.0.1</h2>
<p><a href="https://docs.rs/derive_more/2.0.1">API docs</a>
<a
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<h2>2.0.1 - 2025-02-03</h2>
<h3>Added</h3>
<ul>
<li>Add crate metadata for the Rust Playground. This makes sure that the
Rust
Playground will have all <code>derive_more</code> features available
once
<a
href="https://docs.rs/selectors/latest/selectors"><code>selectors</code></a>
crate updates its
<code>derive_more</code> version.
(<a
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</ul>
<h2>2.0.0 - 2025-02-03</h2>
<h3>Breaking changes</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>use derive_more::SomeTrait</code> now imports macro only.
Importing macro with
its trait along is possible now via <code>use
derive_more::with_trait::SomeTrait</code>.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/406">#406</a>)</li>
<li>Top-level <code>#[display("...")]</code> attribute on an
enum now has defaulting behavior
instead of replacing when no wrapping is possible (no
<code>_variant</code> placeholder).
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/395">#395</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Fixed</h3>
<ul>
<li>Associated types of type parameters not being treated as generics in
<code>Debug</code>
and <code>Display</code> expansions.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/399">#399</a>)</li>
<li><code>unreachable_code</code> warnings on generated code when
<code>!</code> (never type) is used.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/404">#404</a>)</li>
<li>Ambiguous associated item error when deriving <code>TryFrom</code>,
<code>TryInto</code> or <code>FromStr</code>
with an associated item called <code>Error</code> or <code>Err</code>
respectively.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/410">#410</a>)</li>
<li>Top-level <code>#[display("...")]</code> attribute on an
enum being incorrectly treated
as transparent or wrapping.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/395">#395</a>)</li>
<li>Omitted raw identifiers in <code>Debug</code> and
<code>Display</code> expansions.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/431">#431</a>)</li>
<li>Incorrect rendering of raw identifiers as field names in
<code>Debug</code> expansions.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/431">#431</a>)</li>
<li>Top-level <code>#[display("...")]</code> attribute on an
enum not working transparently
for directly specified fields.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/438">#438</a>)</li>
<li>Incorrect dereferencing of unsized fields in <code>Debug</code> and
<code>Display</code> expansions.
(<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/pull/440">#440</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>0.99.19 - 2025-02-03</h2>
<ul>
<li>Add crate metadata for the Rust Playground.</li>
</ul>
<h2>1.0.0 - 2024-08-07</h2>
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<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
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<li><a
href="a78d8ee41d"><code>a78d8ee</code></a>
chore: Release</li>
<li><a
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Update changelog (<a
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<li><a
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Add Rust Playground metadata (<a
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<li><a
href="d6c3315f12"><code>d6c3315</code></a>
Prepare 2.0.0 release (<a
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<li><a
href="c5e5e82c0a"><code>c5e5e82</code></a>
Fix unsized fields usage in <code>Display</code>/<code>Debug</code>
derives (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/issues/440">#440</a>,
<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/issues/432">#432</a>)</li>
<li><a
href="d391493a3c"><code>d391493</code></a>
Fix field transparency for top-level shared attribute in
<code>Display</code> (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/issues/438">#438</a>)</li>
<li><a
href="f14c7a759a"><code>f14c7a7</code></a>
Fix raw identifiers usage in <code>Display</code>/<code>Debug</code>
derives (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/issues/434">#434</a>,
<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/JelteF/derive_more/issues/431">#431</a>)</li>
<li><a
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Update <code>convert_case</code> crate from 0.6 to 0.7 version (<a
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<li><a
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Fix <code>compile_fail</code> tests and make Clippy happy for 1.84 Rust
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<li><a
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Fix transparency and behavior of shared formatting on enums (<a
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<a
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# Objective
#19410 added support for resizing images "in place" meaning that their
data was copied into the new texture allocation on the CPU. However,
there are some scenarios where an image may be created and populated
entirely on the GPU. Using this method would cause data to disappear, as
it wouldn't be copied into the new texture.
## Solution
When an image is resized in place, if it has no data in it's asset,
we'll opt into a new flag `copy_on_resize` which will issue a
`copy_texture_to_texture` command on the old allocation.
To support this, we require passing the old asset to all `RenderAsset`
implementations. This will be generally useful in the future for
reducing things like buffer re-allocations.
## Testing
Tested using the example in the issue.
---------
Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>
# Objective
- Remove a component impl footgun
- Make projection code slightly nicer, and remove the need to import the
projection trait when using the methods on `Projection`.
## Solution
- Do the things.
# Objective
- Related to #19024.
## Solution
- Remove the `FULLSCREEN_SHADER_HANDLE` `weak_handle` with a resource
holding the shader handle.
- This also changes us from using `load_internal_asset` to
`embedded_asset`/`load_embedded_asset`.
- All uses have been migrated to clone the `FullscreenShader` resource
and use its `to_vertex_state` method.
## Testing
- `anti_aliasing` example still works.
- `bloom_3d` example still works.
---------
Co-authored-by: charlotte 🌸 <charlotte.c.mcelwain@gmail.com>
# Objective
- Notice a word duplication typo
- Small quest to fix similar or nearby typos with my faithful companion
`\b(\w+)\s+\1\b`
## Solution
Fix em
# Objective
Fix https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/19617
# Solution
Add newlines before all impl blocks.
I suspect that at least some of these will be objectionable! If there's
a desired Bevy style for this then I'll update the PR. If not then we
can just close it - it's the work of a single find and replace.
Bump version after release
This PR has been auto-generated
Fixes#19766
---------
Co-authored-by: Bevy Auto Releaser <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: François Mockers <francois.mockers@vleue.com>
Co-authored-by: François Mockers <mockersf@gmail.com>
# Objective
- compute_matrix doesn't compute anything, it just puts an Affine3A into
a Mat4. the name is inaccurate
## Solution
- rename it to conform with to_isometry (which, ironically, does compute
a decomposition which is rather expensive)
## Testing
- Its a rename. If it compiles, its good to go
---------
Co-authored-by: Alice Cecile <alice.i.cecile@gmail.com>
# Objective
Improve the performance of `FilteredEntity(Ref|Mut)` and
`Entity(Ref|Mut)Except`.
`FilteredEntityRef` needs an `Access<ComponentId>` to determine what
components it can access. There is one stored in the query state, but
query items cannot borrow from the state, so it has to `clone()` the
access for each row. Cloning the access involves memory allocations and
can be expensive.
## Solution
Let query items borrow from their query state.
Add an `'s` lifetime to `WorldQuery::Item` and `WorldQuery::Fetch`,
similar to the one in `SystemParam`, and provide `&'s Self::State` to
the fetch so that it can borrow from the state.
Unfortunately, there are a few cases where we currently return query
items from temporary query states: the sorted iteration methods create a
temporary state to query the sort keys, and the
`EntityRef::components<Q>()` methods create a temporary state for their
query.
To allow these to continue to work with most `QueryData`
implementations, introduce a new subtrait `ReleaseStateQueryData` that
converts a `QueryItem<'w, 's>` to `QueryItem<'w, 'static>`, and is
implemented for everything except `FilteredEntity(Ref|Mut)` and
`Entity(Ref|Mut)Except`.
`#[derive(QueryData)]` will generate `ReleaseStateQueryData`
implementations that apply when all of the subqueries implement
`ReleaseStateQueryData`.
This PR does not actually change the implementation of
`FilteredEntity(Ref|Mut)` or `Entity(Ref|Mut)Except`! That will be done
as a follow-up PR so that the changes are easier to review. I have
pushed the changes as chescock/bevy#5.
## Testing
I ran performance traces of many_foxes, both against main and against
chescock/bevy#5, both including #15282. These changes do appear to make
generalized animation a bit faster:
(Red is main, yellow is chescock/bevy#5)

## Migration Guide
The `WorldQuery::Item` and `WorldQuery::Fetch` associated types and the
`QueryItem` and `ROQueryItem` type aliases now have an additional
lifetime parameter corresponding to the `'s` lifetime in `Query`. Manual
implementations of `WorldQuery` will need to update the method
signatures to include the new lifetimes. Other uses of the types will
need to be updated to include a lifetime parameter, although it can
usually be passed as `'_`. In particular, `ROQueryItem` is used when
implementing `RenderCommand`.
Before:
```rust
fn render<'w>(
item: &P,
view: ROQueryItem<'w, Self::ViewQuery>,
entity: Option<ROQueryItem<'w, Self::ItemQuery>>,
param: SystemParamItem<'w, '_, Self::Param>,
pass: &mut TrackedRenderPass<'w>,
) -> RenderCommandResult;
```
After:
```rust
fn render<'w>(
item: &P,
view: ROQueryItem<'w, '_, Self::ViewQuery>,
entity: Option<ROQueryItem<'w, '_, Self::ItemQuery>>,
param: SystemParamItem<'w, '_, Self::Param>,
pass: &mut TrackedRenderPass<'w>,
) -> RenderCommandResult;
```
---
Methods on `QueryState` that take `&mut self` may now result in
conflicting borrows if the query items capture the lifetime of the
mutable reference. This affects `get()`, `iter()`, and others. To fix
the errors, first call `QueryState::update_archetypes()`, and then
replace a call `state.foo(world, param)` with
`state.query_manual(world).foo_inner(param)`. Alternately, you may be
able to restructure the code to call `state.query(world)` once and then
make multiple calls using the `Query`.
Before:
```rust
let mut state: QueryState<_, _> = ...;
let d1 = state.get(world, e1);
let d2 = state.get(world, e2); // Error: cannot borrow `state` as mutable more than once at a time
println!("{d1:?}");
println!("{d2:?}");
```
After:
```rust
let mut state: QueryState<_, _> = ...;
state.update_archetypes(world);
let d1 = state.get_manual(world, e1);
let d2 = state.get_manual(world, e2);
// OR
state.update_archetypes(world);
let d1 = state.query(world).get_inner(e1);
let d2 = state.query(world).get_inner(e2);
// OR
let query = state.query(world);
let d1 = query.get_inner(e1);
let d1 = query.get_inner(e2);
println!("{d1:?}");
println!("{d2:?}");
```